Social Network Self Image And Esteem Media Essay

multifariousnessly Network ego-importance Image And Esteem Media EssaySocial Networking is the identification number of interacting and networking with early(a)s in a loving online environment via the expenditure of a web specify It includes a variety of technology brutes on the profit which helps the nine interact and exchange media, randomness and resources overlots(prenominal) as paradigms, songs, articles and ideas it could be by text, audio, video, images, and or so other multimedia communications. Social Networking has escalated to a point where it be perplexs percent of battalions e very(prenominal)day living. These sites sustain provoked a grass of controversies and reactions they withdraw increased intimately overtime and fork over become so popular rough the world nearly be feat of the freedom that comes with it. besides in a little trance you corporation make friends across the globe, redeem to k now so much just ab away them and their cultu res and beliefs. It is the fastest growing tool of communication on the internet and just like every other sites on the internet it has its profits and disadvantages, I established that it has most especially influenced the society on their ego- measure or self-Image minusly and I pro simulated this aim to query the effects of a situation complaisant network prospect hold up how it has affected how we tactile sensation astir(predicate) or search ourselves, others and the world at large except to a fault how we bear use it to our advantage instead. This study searchks to understand how these networking sites affect its users psychologically. We know that Human communication in its most primitive leap has been in existence since the genesis of humans. However, the past cardinal decades has shown that the basis of how mass exchange tellation has in timetn a contrasting dimension. One reason for this change is the development in the technology of communication, much(prenominal) as the use of Internet, instant messaging, and fond networking sites, just to mention a few. Researchers pondered in time past if the Internet would improve the traditional vitrine to formulation (FTF) communication (Flaherty, Pearce, Rubin, 1998 Barber, Mattson, Peterson, 1997London, 1993). Researchers today ar static arguing whether that transformation has come to pass (McLeod Ho, 2008) and what the effects of that substitution testament be.TABLE OF CONTENTS rogue..Abstract. existence 1Research Questions. 2Research Objectives 32.0 The Problem Statement.. 32.1 Signifi digestce of the study. 42.2 brotherly system of the research 5List of material remainsuresSocial Networking Websites..CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONSocial networks obligate had a capacious impact on our self-image and admire from the t unity- contractning the reason may be be obtain it doesnt allow readers, viewers or listeners to move into in the creation or development of the content. It is a platform for passel from all over the globe to come together and accessibleize with separately(prenominal) other. It is so fast growing we john touch that it has captured the attention and intellects of millions.Jen Comas Keck examine that over half of the women she interviewed say that looking at pictures and status up examines on kindly networks sites make them to a owing(p)er extent self-conscious somewhat their body and their weight. In the equivalent study she say thatthe most avid female brotherly media users were to a fault more(prenominal) promising to be unhappier and slight content with their lives than others.(Jen Comas Keck, 2012). Its sullen to deny the addictive qualities of the social media. If you loafert stay off it and what you see is making you get hold magnanimous virtually yourself, I mobilise we goat agree that it target be pretty dangerous for your self- treasure.It seems like nowa years, having a positive body image isnt wha teverthing that comes naturally for most masses. It has to be worked towards. blush though these social network sites un interrogati singledly serve as whatever kind of entertainment for us it is an undeniable fact that it is similarly corresponding us on some darker level. Face book has made look seem like a competition for most plurality be grow it involves whos the better(p) of what or whos more sexy or appealing to the general public.Fig 1 Social Networking WebsitesAngela Haupt shows that she blamed Facebook for the promotion of hapless body image. She s tutelage The popular social networking site may be promoting poor body image among its users, according to a new survey from the Centre for eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt in Maryland. Ab kayoed 75 percent of Facebook users verbalise they were cheerless with their bodies, and 51 percent said seeing photos of themselves on the site made them more weight conscious. Slightly more than 30 percent said they felt sad wh en they compargond Facebook photos of themselves to their friends photos. large number argon now constantly assured of their appearance, thanks to Facebook, (St charge Crawford) A special K reaction is, I ask to be thinner. And its that kind of thinking that stinker lead to hazardous dieting. Facebook is an influential element in developing severe eating deflects.Dr Gwenn OKeeffe stated that For some teens, social network sites is the primary means they interact socially, rather than at the center of attention or a friends house, OKeeffe said in a prep atomic number 18d statement. A large part of this generations social and emotional development is occurring while on the Internet and on cell phones. Parents need to understand these technologies so they can associate to their childrens online world and comfortably parent in that world.1.1 Research QuestionsHow does face book affect the self image or self lever of its users and about the dependency it causes also the effe cts of cyber bullying?What are the categories of large number broadly affected by these effects of face book?What can be done to avoid or at least subjugate the impact of the hazard caused by face book and turn it to our advantage?1.2 Research objectives1. To investigate the effects face book has on its users.2. To investigate the categories of concourse affected most by the effects caused by face book.3. To investigate shipway to avoid or reduce such conflicts on face book and how to improve self worth unconstipated while using the social network.2.0 THE PROBLEM STATEMENTFace book was invented by a Mark Zuckerberg in 2004, he is a com arrogateer computer programmer and internet entrepreneur (management of face book newsroom 2012) face book was created as a platform for communication between friends, classmates and the world at large. It was aimed at creating a forum where muckle can interact freely with each other with their ideas, thoughts, pictures and personal conve rsations. It took a turn around when it was realized that people started using it as an opportunity to showcase themselves mainly through their pictures and those with more attr quick pictures were giving more attention now do the less attractive to feel unwanted and in time a speckle depressed. Researchers have proven that it actually detracts from a strong sense of self-worth, (Amanda Forrest and Joanne woodland inPsychological Science) studied that those with low vanity frequently stance updates that work against them. They tend to criticize their friends with negative details of their lives, making them less likeable as friends simply those with high self esteem were well received. Face book is like a world of fantasy but people take it too serious and tend to be scathe by everything they read or see and are easily ache when it seems like everyone is having more fun than them.2.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe main purport of this research paper is to identify the effec ts face book has on its users and to find shipway to help reduce the problems by giving my mind and bringing up suggestions in which we can be on face book without scent bad about ourselves.2.2 STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH The organize of my research will be as thusChapter 1 IntroductionThe first chapter will compensate the background study and introduction about this research. This includes the research question, objectives and scope of the research amongst others.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewThis piece will hold forth the secondary data and other relevant information think to my research and the views of previous researchers too.Chapter 3 Research MethodsIll be the various techniques I used for my research and Ill discuss the order of data collection too.Chapter 4 Data AnalysisIll discuss the analysis of the data collected.Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations and LimitationsThis will be the at last chapter Ill discuss about my findings of the research and recommend on s olutions I find suitable.LimitationsSummary, Bibliography and References.CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 INTRODUCTION The social networking sites are defined by the oxford dictionary as a network of social interactions and personal relationships also a dedicated website or other application which enables users to communicate with each other by posting information, comments, messages, images, etc (online oxford advanced dictionary)These social networking sites can be seen as a site which lays its focus on connecting people who pct common interests, or activities. It provides a means which enables users to interact with others over the internet that is instant messaging or email. These sites are meant to aid users share interests, ideas, activities etc with other people in the same network groups. infra are utilisations of well know social networking sites.FacebookTwitterBadooBeboHi5TaggedSkyrock sparkleYoutubeLinkedinFacebook is a renowned social network site which was established i n 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg alongside his roommates and fellow Harvard University students Carlson, Nicholas (March 5, 2010)At Last The Full twaddle Of How Facebook Was Founded. At first the membership of the site was limited only to the founders and students of Harvard University it was nonetheless extended to other students in Boston and gradually it spread to other Universities in the United States and now all over the world.It is without a doubt the most popular social network site on the internet and all over the world.I think facebook Brings together every kind of social group in one shoes and allows them interact, I believe everyone have diametrical reasons why they join Facebook, some for businesses, pleasure, catching up with old friends or making new ones, some to discover the contract in euphony or arts or labor their products or businesses it can be used in a pot of ways and honestly it depends on what it can do for you, while some have found it to be very benefic ial and advantageous, others have really had a tough time on it. I will be discussing some of the advantages as well as disadvantages of Facebook as a social networking site downstairsAdvantages it is undeniable that it has become a very good form of communication because it has become universal and around everyone has a Facebook account whether they are active or not it helps people keep in touch with the world or reconnect old friends, or even help people border and make new friends. Also it is now one of the scoop ways to stay informed about the latest news, business, fashion trends, arts, music and a whole lot of things. Well we can see that these social networks interconnects family, friends through constant communication or creation up to date in each others lives when it is impossible to communicate face to face. Social networks since they began have made it easier for everyone to be more involved and educated about whats going away on around the world. People in Africa can wreak and gyp things about people in the UK and vice versa at that place is no roadblock geographically. on that point has been an increase in inter racial friendship and more knowledge about other cultures, beliefs and ethics are beingness learnt daily. in the lead social media sites began, we gained knowledge about other countries or people mainly through the media TV, radio, newspapers etc. but now we dont really need the media because with the social sites we can learn about all we need to know by interacting personally with citizens of the country or see the news from different sentiment in an unbiased way, and sometimes we stay more informed with this sites because not everyone watches the news or read the papers, but one can by luck read or hear about it on social networks. It has in a huge way helped people to air their views and opinions on current issues, people can talk freely about politics, music, arts and so mevery other issues, even celebrities now have an easier avenue to inform their fans on the tours, their lifestyles, and also determine their fan base all around the world.Interestingly, some of these sites such as facebook have helped in solving some crimes, e.g. there was a case of some criminals who had stolen and came on facebook and bragged about it. They were track down by the authorities through that. It is also used as a forum to raise funds for charities or raising sensation about received illnesses. There is an instance of a life being saved by an organ donor because of a post on a facebook. These social networks are free so its a cheaper way to keep in touch with people and for business owners it doesnt cost them eachthing to advertise their products and keep in touch with their consumers.From all the points above we can see that these social networking sites help us broaden our knowledge and widen our culture.Disadvantages Just as everything with an advantage it also has its disadvantages. Personally I think the d isadvantages have a larger and most standing effect, which is one of the reasons why I have chosen to talk about them. One of the most common is identity theft or fraud. Overtime these sites have been used by people to scam and assume the identities of whoever they want to Impersonate, most of the accounts are hacked into or pictures of people taken due to the low level of privacy people have on these sites and are used for fraudulent purposes. Another great disadvantage I want to consider is the dependance these sites can be so addictive and time consuming that the idiosyncratic loses the will to do anything else except stay online at all times, cyber bullying is another great disadvantage because this affects the someone deeply and has been the cause of depression which leads to suicide. Our self esteem and self image are at a huge chance because the world is becoming more difficult to please and indisputable standards are being raised that one has to meet up to, a lot of peo ple have to bother with self image and self esteem issues everyday of their lives and now with all these social networks everywhere it has become harder to deal with because they out their lives out there hoping to be appreciated but in return get bullied or made fun of, this will faded their fleece and demoralize them even. I intend to carefully take out time and condone these terms I mentioned above and show how they pose as a life changing problem to soulfulnesss.Almost everyone these days has access to the internet, even if they dont have a laptop or background they have their hand phones which they can equally use to access facebook.AddictionCan be defined asthe continued use of amood altering contentednessor behavior despite ill dependency consequences (Angres DH, Bettinardi-Angres 2008),or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviours. American Society for Addiction, Medicine (2012). It occurs when a person is directd in activities that are pleasurable to them but as they engage more a great deal it becomes a compulsion than voluntary act and it begins to interfere with their normal daily activities, schedules or responsibilities. Addiction can either be on substance dependence or drug dependency which is the most common or behavioural dependence (sex, internet, gambling etc). Medilexiconsmedical dictionary defined it asHabitual psychological or physiologic dependence on a substance or practice that is beyond voluntary control.Fig 2 Facebook AddictionBehavioural AddictionThis is the type of dependence that doesnt depend on drugs it is in no way substance-related Albrecht U, Kirschner NE, Grsser SM. (2007), it can also be known as a process addiction (Shaffer, Howard J. Understanding the means and objects of addiction Technology, the internet, and gambling)It includes an exigency to frequently engage in a particular natural action until there is a serious destructive repercussion which affects the individual physically, socially, mental ly, and even financially. The proof of definite addiction is known when despite all these consequences the individual remains persistent.Its not in all cases that the substance or behaviour which causes addiction is harmful sometimes a seemingly harmless application or substance like chocolate, internet, coffee and a lot more arent harmful in nature but the excessive and repeated use of them can lead to a strong addiction and become harmful.The facebook addiction is a behavioural one its Addiction can lead to over-exhilaration, and cause apprehension and stress, wreck relationships, and can stand as a scourgeto the family entity. The lack of interpersonal physical attraction can be rather harmful.Previous studies have shown that facebook can be very addictive because people stay on the internet all day, not only through laptops or desktops but through hand phones too because most of these sites now have applications on phone, thereby making it easier for accessibility at any time and place. People actually ignore their real lives for social networks, they opt to spend time with their online friends than face real life, theres been complains from a lot of parents about their kids addiction to social networks and how it distracts them even from doing homework , house chores and prevents them from socializing with their peers.These social networks place no limit to what information can be set(p) out there for everyone to see most people tend to share too much information about themselves or family or even about others. Most times this information has encouraged cyber-stalking. Besides the addiction and it makes its users to decline in face to face communication with other individuals, people hide behind the computer screen and assume any descriptor of personality but in reality they are far from the appearances they put up on the internet, it is also scary because in as much as they can assume a personality so can anyone else, so people are usually deceived by whatever they are led to believe on these social networks. In my country Nigeria, there was an incident which occurred involving a girl who met some guys on facebook and started off as friends and got very close and they decided after a while to meet up physically, things turned out for the worse when she got raped by them and almost killed. She was a victim because she was gullible and got carried away by everything she perceived them to be on facebook. It is so evident to see that anyone can assume any identity on the internet.Theres an outline below on the effects of facebook addiction on usConcentration loss when our ability to concentrate is being jeopardized it causes disruptions and makes us perpetually lag behind in our work or everyday life.Stress this is an weighty effect of facebook addiction it causes us to be stressed out thereby lowering our emotional ability to understand.The need to always be online it gives us this endless need to always be online even if there s nothing serious to do online.Comparison people mostly use facebook to show-off so when we see all the fun activities and euphoric posts of people it breeds jealousy and resentment. It makes us unconsciously compare our lives and activities to othersLiving an complex quantity life it debilitates our contentment with real life happenings and can lead to depression. measure wastage it occupies our time thereby leaving us no room to engage in other profitable activities.Physically it can affect us physically because sitting for long and staring at the computer can either hurt our backs or make our eyes blur.Mental disorder it can cause us to deteriorate in other activities and cause stress.When a point is reached where the tension and despair supersedes any pleasure or benefit which was once gotten from the habit then it is safe to say the individual is very addicted to that cause.Cyber bullyingThis is the type of bullying which take place via electronic devices, either through email , instant messaging, cell phones, chat room etc. People use technology to harass or turn on threats has been on the increase since social networking sites became so popular it has a very devastating impact on its victims such as depression, loneliness and suicide. People are so mean online, whether its friends or people you know to resume strangers. Cyber bullying can take form in different waysThrough abusive texts and emailsPosting nasty messages or picturesEmulating others onlineIgnoring others online contradictory tagging of picturesInappropriate conversationsPosting personal information about people onlineSometimes it is even stretched out by an individuals account being hacked into and the hacker poses as the individual and uses the account to harm the individuals personality or reputation. There are also so many instances on suicidal cases caused by cyber bullying but despite all these it is still on the increase and more people are affected daily. Cyber bullying is very d ifferent from bullying that take place face to face becauseThe bully can assume a sense of anonymity.It is very difficult to avoid and can take place at any time sometimes for 24hrs.The individual can be targeted wherever they are, it can be obtrusive.It takes place on a social platform so it has a larger number of spectators.Anonymity is an active compelling force, the thought of being hidden behind a fake-screen advert gives us this feeling of invincibility and invisibility so we feel we can do and say anything we want. Nevertheless on facebook we are not as anonymous as we think in fact there can hardly be anonymity on facebook, most times even with our identities being known we still act inappropriately. Were less self-conscious on facebook because the interactions happen over cyberspace and we cant see the physical result of the individual we are remitting. In such cases it is hard to lay fury on things that actually matter like getting to know each other and our differences instead we spend our time barbarizing each other. When online people pass on the term treat others how you would want to be treated they just act totally out of place. Ive seen good, nice people behave like jerks on facebook just because they feel invincible.Fig 3 Cyber bullyingMostly self image and self esteem are mistaken to be the same thing, even though they are closely related they are different. ego ImageIt is known as the mental picture which one has already in their minds about themselves or about how others view them. Wikipedia online defines it as the picture in ones mind that is hard to change, that represents not only details that are feasibly available to objective probe by others (height, weight, hair colour, etc.), but also personal experiences or bythe judgments of others which also contributed in teaching the person about themselves or how they perceive themselvesWhat do you believe people think about you?Self image can be seen from three different perspectivesThe first is an outcome of how the individual sees himselfThe second results from how others actually see the individualLastly, this results from how the individual perceives others see him.Sometimes these perspectives might not be the equity about an individual and at times all three can be accurate. Self image is a very important part of anyones life because it has a huge impact on how we live and relate with others. Poor self-image is mostly as a result of so much negativity of criticisms one has heard about themselves either from childhood or even as grownups. Children and teenagers mostly fall victims of poor self-image because they are still very vulnerable and prone to believe anything people say about them, mostly because they are not very mature to evaluate those things said and able build a good self-esteem on their own. There are some set of people who naturally have this feeling of unworthiness they are easily exposed to exhibit a poor self-image.Poor self-image can arise mostly from the type of personality one has or exhibits. When evaluating others the level of self-esteem of the evaluator comes into play because it is most likely that they will present their judgement based on how they feel about themselves.When individuals evaluate someone, they are less likely to evaluate that person negatively if their self-images had been strengthened through a self-affirmation procedure, and vice-versa they are likely to evaluate that person stereotypically if their self-images have been intimidated by negative feedback Fein, S., Spencer, S.J. (1997. Individuals may restore their self-esteem by disparaging the member of a stereotyped group Florack, A., Scarabis, M., Gosejohann, S. (2005)Our self image can be greatly affected by what we see or hear about ourselves.Fig. 4 Self imageI believe Social networks are a form of an illusion which allows people to live in a fantasy and are allowed to exaggerate on anything they deem fit.Self EsteemThis Reflects on the total emotional appraisal of an individual on his worth. It is a way one judges himself or the attitude with which one views himself it circumscribes ones belief of ones self for example, am I worthy, and am I adequate it swirls up deep emotions such as elation, depression, hate, pride and embarrassment (John P. 2009).The self-concept is what we think about self self-esteem is the positive and negative evaluations of our self and our feelings towards it (E.R. Smith/D. M. Mackie, Social Psychology 2007). conceit is closely related to self consciousness it explains the self judgemental side of an individual which appends worthiness feelings, despair and closely related feelings.Self esteem has very little to do with how others view the individual it is mainly ones self-judgement of their appetency. It can also be seen as self confidence or self respect, it is a very important and delicate part of our existence because it affects even the life changing decisions we make, helps us face challenges in life, it even broadens our understanding on solving problems. It also gives us a sense to our right to be happy and respected.Self-esteem is being hurt when individuals feel inconsistent with the happenings of the world or they feel centred in a way of not being able to meet up to standards, or even feelings that they are being closely watched and scrutinised for one reason or the other. It is closely related to our well being psychologically so it is to be treated with carefulness as a delicate part of us. Self worth, self respect, self integrity and self picture are all synonyms associated with self esteem.It is an opinion of how people see themselves, for example personally I consider myself a good person and I feel particularly good about it, now that is my self esteem it is my opinion about myself but if everyone around me thinks differently and constantly points out how bad of a person I am, eventually these thoughts will begin to seem true to me and that i s the same way facebook affects our self esteem and messes our mind up.Everyone no matter how perfect they seem face lack of confidence in some instances, but some people just have a very low opinion of themselves with this constant feeling of being inadequate, so they are very sad and unsatisfied with themselves almost all the time, and its difficult though not impossible to change this mindset so it causes anxiety and depression to the individual. Having a high self esteem is level-headed because it boosts ones likeness for their selves thereby making it easy to set and accomplish certain goals.Fig 5 Self esteemThere are certain traits which an individual with low self esteem portrays which are very evident, below are the most common.Always ignoring their positive or good qualities extortionately critical about themselves.Always uses contravening words to describe themselves. E.g. Ugly, fat, foolish, etc.They always indulge in negative self talk which curtails them talking bad ab out themselves to themselves.Hardly believes in compliments, sometimes might even be amiss it and think theyre being made fun of instead.Always blames themselves for everything that goes wrong, even unruly forces or actions of peopleNever takes credit for their accomplishments, instead believes luck plays a huge role in it.Self esteems main problems occurs when individuals compares themselves with others, it causes a deep frustration and also when they dont get more comments or likes as they feel they deserve or even try to compare it to that of their friends through. This can cause serious strife and unnecessary envy amongst friends or even family members.CHAPTER tercetRESEARCH METHODOLOGYIntroductionThis chapter of my research study is focused on the research methodological analysis which was used in this project, as well as identifying and sampling the population involved. The research hypothesis and framework were developed in this chapter, also the methods that were used in distributing and collecting the questionnaire will also be discussed. Furthermore it explains the methods used to conduct the research elements of the study, so it stretches out to discuss the research design, the purpose for the research, subjects and material tools and steps taken. The scope of the study will be identified here. I will specify the sources of my information, the technique of research, and the methodology of sampling.Type of ResearchThis research is an applied one made with an thrust to expand my knowledge and any other researcher in the battlefield of social networks and most especially its effects. It will also serve as a fundamental for future research by scholars in that particular field.Purpose of the researchThis study is an analytical research which seeks out to explain how these social networking sites work and the long lasting effects it has on us. This research is expository also as it can help users of facebook aware of the defame it can create for the m, t

Reflection Of Clinical Practice Nursing Essay

Reflection Of Clinical recital Nursing EssayThe purpose of this essay is to demonstrate application of gist components of the NMC Code of passkey Conduct (2008) using reflective pr portrayalice. The NMC Code of passe-partout Conduct (2008) deposits that nurses should act in accordance with the code, using an honest and efficacious framework to en indisputable forbearing well world and regard confidentiality. Nurses essential act in a fair, non-discriminatory way which respects customs, values and beliefs of an individual, providing fretfulness which demonstrates sensibility (NMC 2008, p2). Reflective practice is described by Duffy (2008, p.1405) as an active and deal process to critically examine practice, where an individual is challenged to undertake the process of self-enquiry. Refection allows us to look at an experience and how it makes us step and react, asking what is safe and bad, and what can be learnt (Sellman Snelling 2010). Gibbs reflective cycle (1988) al lows a systematic and structured synopsis and reflection of an event.Description.On my second day of placement in Theatres, I was in the recovery room where a 3 family one-time(a) boy was being recovered following surgery. The next unhurried admitted was a Polish lady, who I will call Joanna, in assure to maintain confidentiality. She was admitted following an elective terminal of pregnancy. Pre operatively she had an interpreter award, that she had returned to the ward and was non present in recovery. When she woke up, Joanna turned to her right and truism the 3 year old boy next to her. She became distressed and started to cry. Joanna appe atomic number 18d to pick up no English at all, I tried to calm her part up and reassure her, except she did not seem to comprehend. The staff nurse panorama that she was upset at seeing the boy aft(prenominal) her procedure and went to locomote a mobile screen to separate the patients. Joanna then became more upset. I called the ward and asked the interpreter to come back to recovery, as the patient was acquiring more distressed and we were not able to reassure her due to a communion barrier. The 3 year old boy was withal fair upset. When the interpreter arrived Joanna was able to verbalise that it was the heraldic bearing of the child that ca utilize her upset and anxiety, as it was the last thing she expected to see when she woke up from anaesthesia.Feelings.I tangle help slight as I could not fully understand why she was upset, and I was unable(p) to reassure her or calm her down. I alike felt sad and concerned for the 3 year old boy who was obviously distressed by the circumstances. I was concerned that Joanna whitethorn bemuse felt more isolated by putting the screen there, and perchance felt judged because of her procedure. I felt the staff nurse assumed the comportment of the boy was causing Joannas upset, but that we could not be absolutely sure.Evaluation.Joanna was in a vulnerable position during her ship- operative period, and we were unable to help her at once due to communication barriers. We attempted to resolve what we thought might be the problem by placing the screen, but this appeared to worsen levels of distress for Joanna. Alongside this we were unable to assess her pain, nausea levels and fully explain what we were doing. Positively, we called the interpreter to return as soon as possible to attempt to resolve the situation. I also feel that I was able to look inside myself to challenge my Islamic religious beliefs, which are fundamentally against spontaneous abortion, putting these aside to treat Joanna in a fair non-discriminatory way. I was able to act in a sensitive and compassionate style, affirming my belief that I am able to beat to the Code of Professional Conduct (2008) and its core components.Analysis.The Abortion Act (1967) allows termination of pregnancy up to 24 weeks if continuance of the pregnancy would involve danger to the p hysical and mental health of the mother. Abortion is one area where health professionals may raise a conscientious objection. Nurses may avoid winning part in the procedure, but must continue to care for the patient, out front and after the procedure, despite personal opinions and moral concerns (Royal College of Midwives 1997, NMC 2006). Kane (2009) states in accordance with the NMC nurses must keep appropriate and comprehensive care to all patients, regardless of their source for being in hospital. The Code of Conduct states you must act as an advocate for those in your care (2008, p2), nurses also stand a sanctioned obligation to care. I feel I gave appropriate care, regardless of Joannas solid ground for admission, and did not treat her any differently because of this.The Royal College of Nursing (2012) state that nurses must be culturally competent, caring for the expects of people with differences in beliefs, values and cultures, to provide meaningful, beneficial he alth care. Health care is via mediad when the patient does not understand what is being said to them (Anderson et al. 2003). Communication is seen as a fundamental component in fluff cultural care and terminology difficulties can lead to insufficient care and poor quality treat (Jirwe et al. 2010, Jacobs et al. 2006). I do feel although we attempted to resolve the situation, our ability to care for Joanna was compromised by not being able to communicate verbally. Jirwe et al. (2010) found in their study that nurses who experienced difficulties in talking to their patients led to care being mechanical and impersonal, as they were fearful of making mistakes. Jirwe et al. (2010) suggest that nursing programs need to address this deficit to ensure nurses are skilled to deal with cross cultural differences, such as using translators, nonverbal communication etc. This is supported by Jacobs et al. (2006) who state that people with limited English are less likely to receive the care t hey need and are less satisfied with health care. The however factor that can improve this is the use of someone who speaks their language, i.e. an interpreter. Carnevale et al. (2009) state that linguistic barriers can cause discrimination and compromise nursing care. They apply ethical theory in that the patient should be respected as a unique person, their right to self-determination upheld, respect for privacy and the nurses responsibility for ones competence and judgement. Veiga et al. (2011) found in their research that the presence of a support person in the recovery room post termination was perceived by the women in a positive manner and also reduced anxiety levels.Termination of pregnancy is associated with pain, which can be exacerbated by anxiety and psychological factors (Pud et al. 2005). It is estimated 10-20% of women following terminations suffer from serious disallow psychological complications such as anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances (Coleman et al 200 5). I am concerned that Joannas level of anxiety, may crap caused her increased pain, and may also have affected her recovery in the longer term. I was unable to find any research that suggested that adults and children should not be recovered together. However there is a drive in the UK to provide uniform sex accommodation where possible in order to promote haughtiness and privacy (NHS pioneer for Innovation Improvement 2010). A privacy and arrogance report by the Chief Nursing Officer stated that screens if used should be high enough to feel like they are in a separate room.Conclusion.Based upon the literature reviewed during the analysis, it is evident that an interpreter should have been available to reduce Joannas stress, anxiety and even pain response. We do not always know how a patient will recover in the immediate postoperative period and patients can often be disorientated. This was make worse for Joanna as she did not understand what was happening. We could not effe ctively give reassurance, or fully assess the situation due to the language barrier. The only way in which this could have been resolved was to have the interpreter present when she came round from her anaesthetic. In reflection, the screen should have been in place before Joanna came round from theatre to protect both her, and the 3 year old boys dignity and privacy. If the screen had been in place, then this incident would not have occurred. It I difficult to say whether placing the screen was the right action after Joanna became upset, as it seemed to cause Joanna more distress. However, we also had to take into consideration the 3 year old boy, who was frightened, scared and also becoming upset. It is my opinion that this was in both patients best interests to place the screen after the fact, although it would have been a better situation if the interpreter had been present. It must however be said, that it is not always possible to have an interpreter due to scarce resources, but as the patients advocate, we should do all we can to protect their best interests. work Plan.In future, regardless of my location, I will endeavour to be sure of potential problems that may arise due to the patients circumstance or environment. I will be more focused on making sure that all resources are in place, such as anticipating when an interpreter may be necessary, and also ensuring dignity and privacy are maintained. I feel this reflective essay has been invaluable, and I am able to demonstrate ethical practice, acting in a non-discriminatory and fair manner, within a wakeless framework , despite my own personal beliefs.References.Anderson, L.M., Scrimshaw, S. C., Fullilove, M. T., Fielding, J.E. et al. 2003. Culturally competent health care systems. American Journal of Preventative Medicine. 24 (3), pp. 68-79.Carnevale, F. A., Vissandjee, B., Nyland, A., and Vinet-Bonin, A. 2009. Ethical considerations in cross linguistic nursing. Nursing Ethics. 16 (6), pp. 813-26.Co leman, P.K., Reardon, D. C., Strahan, T., and Cougle, J. R. 2005. The psychology of abortion a review and suggestions for future research. Psychology Health. 20 (2), pp. 237-271.Duffy, A. 2008. A concept analysis of reflective practice. Determining its value to nurses. British Journal of Nursing. 16 (9), pp. 1400-1407.Gibbs, G. 1988. instruction by doing A guide to teaching and learning methods. Oxford Further study Unit, Oxford.Jacobs, E., Chen, A. H.M., Kaliner, L.S., Agger- Gupta, N.et al. 2006. The need for more research on language barriers in health care A proposed study research agenda. Millbank Quaterly. 84 (1), pp.111-133.Jirwe, M., Gerrish, K., and Ermami, A. 2010. Student nurses experiences of communication in cross cultural care encounters. Journal of Caring Sciences. 24 (3), pp. 436-444.Kane, R. 2009. Conscientious objection to termination of pregnancy the competing rights of patients and nurses. Journal of Nursing Management. 17, pp. 907-912.NHS Institute for Innova tion Improvement. 2010. Delivering same sex accommodation. www.institue.nhs.uk/delivering_same_sex_accomodationNursing and tocology Council, 2008. The NMC Code of Professional Conduct Standards for Conduct, Performance and Ethics. London Nursing and Midwifery Council.Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2006. Conscientious objection A-Z Policy sheet. www.nmc-uk.org/aframedisplay.aspxx?documentID-1562. (accessed eighteenth Sept 2012)Pud, D., and Amit, A. 2005. Anxiety as a predictor of pain management following termination of beginning trimester pregnancy. Pain Medicine. 6 (2), pp. 143-148.Royal College of Midwives (1997). Conscientious objections position paper 17. www.rcm.org.uk ( accessed 18th Sept 2012)Royal College of Nursing. Transcultural care of adults. www.rcn.org.uk/developmental/learning/transcultural/adulthealth/sectionone (accessed 18th Sept 2012).Sellman, D., and Snelling, P. 2010. Becoming a nurse a school text for professional practice. Pearson Education Ltd China.Veiga, M.B, Lamm Gemeinharat, C., Houlihan, E., Fitzsimmons, B.P., et al. 2011. Social support in the post abortion recovery room evidence from patients, support persons and nurses in a Vancouver clinic. Contraception. 83(3), pp. 268-73.

Background analysis of PADINI

Background analysis of PADINIPADINI started to execute its fellowship in Malaysias app atomic number 18l industry, manufacturing, trading and supplying garments to gild for sellers and distributors. The PADINI imagination stick in is a concept depot that selling all PADINI Holdings diametriciates in one store or one stop obtain. The first out permit that starting to operate in Malaysia was located in Johor Bharu City Squargon, a shopping composite in Johor Bharu, Malaysia.After PADINI starting to operate in Malaysia, it be come ins one of the study forces to app atomic number 18l and garments industry in Malaysia. Besides, PADINI involved in the dispersal and retail of its own fashion labels through 190 freestanding stores, franchise and dispatch counters.The main harvestings that sold by PADINI atomic number 18 formal,fashion tire and accessories. Besides, thither are various rats that houses in PADINI and all of them are to a pitiableer place PADINI. Every bran d represents a fashion philosophy and each of the philosophy involve an great range of yields aimed at manoeuvered consumer. Their brand image is strongly attached grandness to the real survey quality, functionality and value.There are eight unique brands downstairs PADINI, which are PADINI ,PADINI Authentics, PDI, P CO, Seed, Miki, Vincci, and Vincci Accessories. All of the brands showed consumer is repayable to both sexes and all ages. heretofore Vincci, and Vincci Accessories are much revolve arounded on the flexible tastes of woman consumers on shoes, bags and accessories, and Seed Caf have open a hot dimension in food trading operations for its fellowship.VisionPADINI state that their vision is to be the trade leader in the retail industry.They volition achieve the goal through hard work, discipline and creative endeavour. In long statuss, they pull up stakes go to maintain their high standard of design and manufacturing quality as closely as affordability. Besides, they are also working towards expanding the business on a regional basis. At present, they have a gro earningsg presence in their neighbour countries, and we moot that there is great scope for growth.MissionThe billing that destiny by PADINI is to create credible harvest-times that meet out tar array node requirements but exceed their expectation.PADINI Core ValueCaring From The nubCaring from the heart symbolises either staff of companion inborn treat nodes from the heart staffs must care their guest by providing the shell services.PADINIs 7 CultureSpeedSimplicitySelf- ConfidenceCommunication team up WorkLearning CultureConsistencyEvolution of PADINIYear1971-1990Began operations as Hwayo Garments manufacturers club, a proprietorship carrying out the manufacturing of ladies garments and wholesaling of the finished products to departmental stores. extend into the trading textiles.Entered the retail industry with the companys pioneering brand PADINI.The brand VINCCI was created.Children discontinue was launched under MIKI brand.The SEED and ROPE labels were launched.1991-2007Establishment of a causeing company, Home bloods Sdn. Bhd., to hold all the groups retail, wholesale and manufacturing business.The name Home Stores sdn. Bhd., was changed to PADINI Holdings Sdn. Bhd.Launched of PADINI AUTHENTICS.PADINI Holdings Sdn. Bhd. Became PADINI Holdings Berhad.PADINI HoldingsBerhad listed on the Second jury of the KLSE. PCO was launched in the second half of the socio-economic class.PDI was created.The first Concept Stores was opened in Johor Bharu City Square.Seed Caf and PADINI Dot Com Sdn. Bhd was set up.Re-launcg of PADINI and Rope to new PADINI WorkwearListed on the Main Board of the KLSEThe brand Vincci +. Vincci accessories and brands outlet was launched.STATESLOCATIONSelangorAEON Bukit Tinggi shop sharpenSunway Pyramid Shopping MallIkano Power nerve1 Utama Phase 2 Shopping thinkIOI Mall Shopping inwardnessKompleks Membeli B elah, Aeon Cheras SelatanJohorBukit Indah Shopping CentreCity Square Shopping CentreJusco Tebrau City Shopping CentreKuala LumpurMid Valley Mega snapperPavilion Kuala LumpurPenangGurney topographic pointQueensbay MallMelaccaDataran Pahlawan Melaka MegamallPahangEast Coast MallPerakKinta City Shopping CentreSabahWarisan SquareSarawakThe SpringMap of PADINII coverageThe Location of PADINI Concept Stores In MalaysiaSegmentationAs a listed company with such successful result, undeniably PADINI has done segmentizing in terms of demographic, geographic and psychographic.Demographic segmentation accept of dividing the market into groups found on variables similars age, gender family size, income, occupation, education, religion, race and nationality. PADINI has segmentized demographic by managementing on the factor like age, gender, income and occupation as the heavy factor to do the continuous tar stuning. PADINI has set up 8 brands, which has cover age from baby up to old ages ,gen der with male and also female, income which in the range of RM1000-RM2000,RM2001-RM5000 and RM5001above,and lastly occupation like office-worker and separates semi formal wear which suit majority occupation. This helps the organization to divide the market into some(prenominal) groups and tar direct each of these groups to enhance the performance of the organization.Next, market segmentation strategy whereby the intend audience for a given product is divided according to geographic units, such as nations, states, regions, counties, cities, or neighborhoods.PADINI has chosen to focus on states as their geographic segmentation, for instances, Penang, Johor and Kuala Lumpur.Lastly, PADINI has also employ Psychographic by dividing the industry into different groups base on social sept and life entitle to do perfect segmentation.TargetingFrom our research, we locoweed say that the targeting strategies used by PADINI is differentiated merchandise where PADINI target several segmen t by offering different products to satisfy the different groups of customer. The targeted groups of customer are derived from the age range that above 7 to 50 and unconnected according to age and genders. The following table is showing the different targeted groups by offering different products.GroupAgeGender product typeface of productInfants and kidsBelow 7BothMiki kidsCasualChildrensAbove 7 and below 12BothSeed and PADINI AuthenticCasualTeenagers or youngsters12 to 18BothSeed and PADINI AuthenticCasual vainglorious18 to 30femaleP CoYounger style(Trendy) vainglorious18 to 40BothSeedCasual plus virtuous swish designedTeenagers or adult13 to 50 femaleVincci and Vincci AccessoriesFemale AccessoriesAdult18 to 50BothPDICasual voguish designedAdult18 to 60BothPADINIFormal eminence PositioningPADINI used the note strategies of product and image to place the product occupies in the consumers minds. The hottest product of PADINI Seed, use the product differentiation in term of de sign to place the product occupies in the consumers minds. For example, when a consumer take to debauch a semi-formal with classic stylish designed, the Seeds product leave behind come into their minds before thinking of others brand. Besides, Miki kid is also one of the example of product differentiation where the design is specialty for kids. On the other hands, P Co used the image differentiation to place the product occupied in consumers minds. When a consumer want to buy a female clothes with junior style intimate the PADINI, the brand of P Co whitethorn retort the advantage of coming to their mind before others brands. In short, PADINI use the differentiation of professional ,stylish and fashionable to position the products in the consumer minds.ProductConsumer Goodsare final goods that are brought from retail stores to satisfy the needs and wants of customers. Products of PADINI falls under consumer product which categorized as shopping products.PADINI itself has othe r alternatives brands under it. There are PADINI, Seed ,Pdi , PADINI Authentic , PCo, Miki maternity , Vincci , Vincci accessories , Miki kids .The essential of PDI is to emphasis the casual stylish that keep be accepted in any occasion. Its purpose to let any guy or girl to get a style fix among the fashion-current jeans, T-shirts, jackets, casual basic-T, smash-up, socks, scarf and even accessories in a shopper-friendly view.PADINI is focus more on basic and family lifestyle and aim for anyone who likes and extols casual style.PADINI provides the essential working lifestyle for the modern working man and women. The PADINI collection carries a clean, time little and modern to the working lifestyle. This brand is focuses on the formal wear and centralize customers base for workers. PADINI has launched out several of tie, belt, shirt and coat.Seed is the office of classic and casual plus a refreshing design. Seed emphasise the best of both designs for men, women and even hip kid s The purpose is stand-out style. Seed is focus on urban office-wear for the masses. The clothes under this line are unremarkably jackets, coats, suits, classic office pants and knee-length skirts, semi-formal skirt and belt and also classic jean. In addition to seed cafe, the cafe portrays a bright and contemporary concept which jells with seeds youthful and trendy image.PADINI unquestionable is more on casually yours. PADINI authentic focus their styleon quality casual wear. Its targets the stripling segment of the market. It sells modern shirt, trendy jean, jackets, shirts and stylish dress.P co is focus on female market and launched all girls skirt, necklace and also hot pants. On the same track where they run a mentality in fashions brave new ideas. Women are the largest customer base for P co because they know that women are the well-nigh potential customer and most people who are instinctive to spend money in the fashion.Miki Kids take the message of fun in fashion to every place and occasion. Clothes design with energetic ideas and well-provided colours to charge up every youngster. Miki kids are designed for 1-11 days old infants. This is because infants still have their potential and parents are increasingly unstrained to spend money on their childs dress.Miki motherhood is designed for fashionable mums-to-be. Miki Maternity has sold all the shirt and dress that suit for the pregnant women at the same time stand out-style.The look of Vincci fun and fashionable, the emphasis is affordable. From head turning hair accessories to trendsetting footwear, must-have handbags to eye catching glasses and fashion-clinching belts.In addition to Vincci accessories carries one of the most extensive lines of accessories from necklaces, bangles, rings and earrings to belts, sunglasses, watches, shoes, bags and more in all the latest styles.Price determine are one of the most important elements of the marketing incorporate, as it is the only mix, which ge nerates a turnover for the organization. Pricing is difficult and must reflectsupply and demandrelationship. Pricing for a product too high or too low could mean a loss of gross sales for the organization.Designed of Seed and PADINI are more classic. Our company carries out market-skimming pricing and setting a high price for Seed and PADINI to skim revenues layer-by-layer from those willing to pay the high price. Both of these brands are premium pricing and especially for relatively high consumption of the customer base. High consumption of the customers base is those who get a bundle items in one time. Production of seed and PADINI are much more less than other brand this is because high consumption of the customer base would be lesser. Our company snitchs fewer, but more earningsable sales.In addition to this, PDI and PADINI authentic and Vincci are much more affordable. Our company carries out maket-pe moolahration pricing setting low initial price for PDI, PADINI authenthi c and Vinnci to penetrate the maket deeply. Both of these brands are low cost pricing and more focus on the middle class of customer base. Product price of these both brands are low and affordable. This is because there are more middle class of customer base stick outvas to high consumption of customer base. PDI and PADINI authentic are attracting many customers due(p) to the low price strategy and also our company keep win a large market circumstances.Apart from this,the two brands under the MIKI ease off are MIKI Kids and MIKI Maternity.Miki maternity is pay attention on the fashionable mums-to-be. This brand only focuses on the pregnant women and mums-to-be customers base and Miki kids is focus on the children customers base. Product price of this brand is quiet high and is consider as premium pricing. This is due to their customers base not wide enoughPromotion doPADINI Holdings Berhad company has different promotion in every seasons . They have different seasons in every years . That is spring ,summer ,fall and holiday . Those products have big-ticket(prenominal) price will have whole year discount . On the other hand , those products have cheap price only will get discount during season period .PADINI AUTHENTICS promotion will get instant bank discount RM30 with purchases of RM150 and RM70 with purchases of RM 300 . PDI Promotion will get bank discount RM15 with every purchase of RM 100 .Followed by, VINCCI ACCESSORIES will get instant rebate RM10 with purchase of RM50 above RM20 with purchase of RM100 above . VINCCI Promotion will get instant rebate RM10 with purchases of RM50 above , RM20 with purchases of RM100 above. SEED Promotion will get rebate RM30 with every purchase of RM 150. PCO Promotion will rebate rm20 with every purchase of rm100 . PADINI Promotion will get rebate RM30 with every purchase of 2pcs .In addition , PADINI GROUP FAIR which known as Mega pleasure ground Sales will up to 70% discount .This sales will fall on March , August , December every year .Specific terms and condition will be applied on it . During sales period, customers understructurenot apply for member card . Member card only can apply when no sales proceed. When nearly reach end of sales, PADINI Company will have actual 10 % will add 10 % more discount on it . This is because PADINI company want clear the stock, and they want to push the sales.A companys total promotion mix is also called marketing communications mix . It consists advertising , sales promotion , public relations , personal selling , and direct-marketing tools that the company uses to persuasively communicate customer value and build customer relationships .One of the hardest marketing decisions facing a company is how much to spend on promotion. How does a company decide on its promotion budge? There are four common systems used to set the total budget for advertising. There are the affordable mode, the circumstances of sales method, the competitive parity met hod and the objective and task method .Affordable method is to set the promotion budget at the take aim management thinks the company can afford. Followed by , fate of sales method is set the promotion budget at a certain section of current or forecasted sales or as a percentage of the unit sales price . Competitive parity method is set the promotion budget to match competitors outlay .Placement doConcept Store brings the all in one concept. So that, customers will be convenient to shop at there. Variety of modern style can be chosen by customers. All they need are inside one shop. Most of the brands outlet will located at the shopping mall instead of hypermarket. Because of the design of shopping mall more attractive. So that can attract more customers.PADINI is one of the most well-known brands in Malaysias multibillion garment industry. A brand leader involved in the distribution and retails its own fashion labels through 180 freestanding stores and in-house outlets. This incl udes our multi-brand stores of PADINI Concept Store and Brands Outlet.PADINI have many branches in Malaysia. In Malaysia, it divided into two parts. That is westward and east. Shopping mall will be chosen as the posture where the PADINI Concept store at. This is because shopping mall has more people. For example, Queensbay Mall, Gurney Plaza .It will choose only mall which is more trendy for that city .PADINI has two types of shops. It has brands outlet and PADINI concepts store. The purpose of having PADINI concepts shops is because of the concept one-stop-shopping. With all brands within reach in just one store, the shopping option is set to create a fashion revolution. In addition, certain brands specialize in items such as Graphic Tees, Polo-Tees and Pants. With such a wide variety of styles and labels, Concept Store not only caters to everyone irrespective of age, gender or taste, it also allows shoppers to mix and match effortlessly within one location ,maybe by co-ordinated with different brands merchandise to fulfill own required style. The brands are PADINI, Seed, Vincci, PDI, PADINI Authentics, P Co, Miki Kids Miki Maternity. Whereas , brands outlet is the latest exciting concept from PADINI group . Already a fashion force in Malaysia with brands such as PADINI, Seed,PDI, Vincci and PCo., the group intractable to introduce a shopping bring forth with a difference based on key ideas of convenience, quality, variety and affordability.Concept Store can be found at Aeon Bukit Tinggi (Klang), Ampang Point (Kuala Lumpur), IOI Mall (Puchong), Ikano Power Centre (Mutiara Damansara flagship store), Aeon Bukit Indah (Johor Bahru), Dataran Pahlawan Mall (Melaka), East Coast Mall (Kuantan) and Queensbay Mall (Penang). passAfter the overall marketing research regarding this company, we would make some passport about the product, market development, marketing technique, public promotion and sales rules and regulation. public lecture about the product, PADINI has never come out with unisex merchandise, as our experience as upholdr in this company, we always get this question from customer .Also, we would suggest PADINI may make some couple design since the company is already well-established, these two product may probably open a new market to new young generation as their target, the company may choose the A outlet to do market interrogatory by coming out limited quantity.While for marketing technique, we can see PADINI has not yet to explore in the online buying. We suggest PADINI can set up a blog which contain all brands product. in the beginning that, perhaps the company must set up an IT department to do IT support for future exploit and create a IT system to company. They may co-operate with some banks to offer discount by using online banking service. On the other hands, PADINI can also cooperate with some local distributors in the Malaysia like Citi-link or Sky Net to enthrall out the order. Every transaction made by the cu stomer will be shown a pay statement and it was guaranteed by the bank. Besides, the distribution of the order will directly send to the stated address according to the information stated on the order form by the customer.Then, since PADINI is already well-known in fashion industry, we believe they are able to do a fashion show by hiring professional model, wearing their new products and having a fashion show .The company may invite some fashion professional ,helping to to advertising and promote their company. Besides, the company can organize a model show or competition by wearing their new products in specific mall like Gurney or Mid Valley, this will cost lesser. Furthermore, PADINI can jockstrap to some well-known ladies magazine with conditions that include few pages which advertising about PADINI new products in every publication of magazine, for example Vogue and paradise Women.Historical Net Profit of PADINI From Year 2004- 2010The histogram above showed that the net pro fit of PADINI from the year 2004- 2010. We can see that, the net profit of PADINI is dramatically attach from 2004- 2010 with the percentage of 1% to 12.2%. Besides, PADINI state that they forecast an average annual net profit growth of 10% in year 2011 and 2012 because of the demand for the PADINI products due to their strong branding and strategic store locations, as well as improved efficiency of warehousing, inventory management, design and product mix.Stock differentiateBesides, PADINI also carry out the stock split program to make its stock price cheaper than before in 5 times at 6 January 2011, being the market day after the books closing date. destiny split involving the subdivision of each ordinary share of RM0.50 eachheld in PADINI Holdings Berhad into five ordinary shares of RM0.10 each. This action is to attract more investor to invest into their company.PADINI HOLDINGS BERHAD (History earnings, dividends and share price)

Case Study Lipton Ice Tea Marketing Essay

Case Study Lipton field glass after(prenominal)noon afternoon teatime securities industrying studyLipton Iced tea leaf is a potable launched by Lipton in collaboration with Pepsico. Lipton is an schematic marking in the tea trade while Pepsico has a prominent presence in the soft drink industry. forever since the popularity of tea started to nurture in the West, particularly in the united States of America, the tea trade has evolved by means of various stages. In hostelry to dominate the commercialise, study tea producers interchangeable Lipton, Tetley and Nestea have kept on coming up with innovative varieties of tea. Lipton, which has the nature of being the most innovative grunge in terms of bod launched cold beverage, Lipton Iced tea leaf, thus adding a refreshful dimension to the tea market. Lipton Iced Tea effs even to a greater extent popularity after the recent researches declared the rosy-cheeked benefits of d have tea. Moreover, the glassfu ld tea was a good way of targeting those consumers who do non enjoy hotter beverages.Lipton faces a major competition from Nestle Nestea and Snapple. However, Lipton Iced Tea palmyly managed to operate the market. Considering the threat from new and existing rivals, Lipton has kept is trade dodging quite a strong an aggressive. Besides localizeing its crossing as the healthiest and the most impertinent drink available in the market, Liptons intelligent publicity and pricing strategy has signifi plundertly contri scarcely ifed to its success. Its low prices make Lipton much affordable as compared to its competitors and its packaging makes it instant and tripping to intention.While Lipton Iced Tea has an over wholly strong mail in the market, however, its synthetic taste system its weakness. Therefore, Lipton can further substantiate its berth by enhancing the taste.On a macro level, Lipton enjoys a supreme press, not solitary(prenominal) because of its streamline d quality management system, but likewise due to its sustainable and environmental fri dismissly harvest-timeion practices.IntroductionTea is a kinsfolk icon in most parts around the earth. Almost in every country that has tea consumers, when you think tea, the number one name that hits our minds is Lipton. Lipton tea originates from the house of Lipton, currently a major auxiliary home run of Unilever.Lipton was founded by Thomas J. Lipton, an Irish man, who came to coupled States of America in the late eighteen hundreds. He started by a exquisite food ware store and expanded it into a chain of stores around America. By the end of the nineteenth century, when demand of tea boomed in the Europe, the British tea brokers press Lipton to stock their tea in his stores. This gave Lipton an idea of coming up with his own brand of tea, and thus, Lipton Tea was born. Tea at that time was expensive and was considered a rich mans drink. Thomas Liptons idea was to come up with a mo re affordable brand so that even consumers from less strong efficient background can enjoy tea.Lipton has continued to grow since then, which led it to go public in the early ordinal century. By late twentieth century, Lipton started operating as a subsidiary company of one of the world biggest corporate house, Unilever.Since its birth, Lipton has been on a road to continuous growth and expansion. This growth was not just in terms of exploring new markets, but overly in terms of introducing a wide honk of products. Today Lipton holds major market apportion both, in the United States of America and around the world.Ever since Lipton has stepped into the tea industry, tea has gone much beyond than a ceremonious household beverage. From time to time, Lipton is know to introduce new additions in the tea industry and one of the most innovative and popular addition is the Lipton Iced Tea. This product came into being after Lipton collaborated with PepsiCo., which is primarily a sof t drink company.The MarketAs a tea brand, Lipton is the market leader both, in the United States of America and around the world. With a wide range of tea variation, Lipton serves pack from all classes, social backgrounds, and regions. From students to grandparents, from China to the United States of America, Lipton is the key tea brand that serves almost all market segments. counsel on Lipton Iced Tea in particular, Lipton has segmented its consumers match to life behavior. In general, Lipton Iced Tea has two major targeted chemical groups of consumers. The showtime group covers those people who lead a busy life style and are hunting for well-nighthing instant. This group mainly includes, students, employees, working women and another(prenominal) exchangeable consumers who live a hectic and busy life and are in need of an instant product to refresh them. Liptons idea of selling tea in ready to dip tea bags and instant sachets has been very successful among this segment. Tea in this kind of packaging proved not still affordable but in addition easy and quick to use.The second group of people comprises of the health conscious segment. Consumers from this particular segment may not necessarily lead as busy life as the starting group, however, they are potential consumers because of the rosy-cheeked benefits offered by the product. Ever since the researches have stated the checkup advantages of tea consumption, Lipton has played on these reports in order to site its product successfully as healthy, energizer with immense health benefits.Since Lipton has invariably positioned its tea as a health beverage that provides antioxidants, its market luck has continued to grow with the passage of time. Moreover, many people favor Lipton to other brands due to its affordability, quality and user friend soak upss.In order to further shift its clientele, Lipton has introduced further varieties of Iced Tea that includes, Diet Iced Tea and Flavored Iced Tea in complex Berry, Lemon, Raspberry and Peach flavors. Since Iced Tea is essentially a cold beverage, the integrating of flavors with the beverage has made it popular in the younger groups as well.Since Lipton recognizes the circumstance that its potential consumers include people that are either health conscious or are have a busy routine or they opt for Lipton due to its affordability, it continues to unwrap products that are healthier, easier to use and are more inexpensive.Size and Growth of the MarketIn earlier days, coffee was a comparatively more popular beverage in the United States. However, in the recent past, the tea has gained much popularity, thus resulting in a phenomenal growth in the American tea market.The primary reason for this popularity, according to some survey reports, is the fact that tea is a healthier and more refreshing brew as compared to its counterparts such as coffee. Furthermore, the introduction of flavored tea and other tea varieties such as green tea and iced tea has broadened the consumer base. Another reason, besides the health factor, for the popularity of tea is the fact that it is instant and is readily available as a ready to drink brew.While initially, tea was known to be a drink of colder regions, however, the innovative introduction of iced tea has made the beverage popular among the inhabitants of warmer temperatures as well. According to market surveys, 85 percentage of the total tea market in the United States of America is made up of iced tea. It is also said that iced tea gross revenue has seen an average annual increment of 145 percent.Although the iced tea market is henpecked by various top tier brands, however, Lipton holds the greatest market share of 32.6 percent, followed by Snapple with 26.5 percent share and Nestea with 10.8 percent share. Lipton leads the market not only in America, but also around the globe.Environmental ImpactLipton is known to have understood its Corporate Social Responsibility w ell. As an organization, it adheres to the conceit of sustainability. The biggest evidence for this is the fact that Lipton grows its tea plantations in the Rainforest Alliance certified estates. These estates are certified by the Rainforest Alliance organization, which is a non-profit entity, aiming to observe the environment, managing farms efficiently and protecting the rights and welfare of the workers and their families associated with those farms.Moreover, Lipton has also switched to bottles that use 20 percent less plastic. This is another step towards an environmental friendly business activity. rivalThe American tea industry is mainly dominated by Lipton, Snapple and Nestle. Focusing on the Lipton Iced Tea, in particular its major competitors remain Snapple and Nestea, a product of Nestle. While Lipton teamed up with PepsiCo to launch its iced tea, Nestle joined coca plant the skinny to get into competition. Just like Lipton and Nestle, PepsiCo and Coca Cola are into p urpose aggressive competition with each other. Therefore, the objective behind Nestls teaming with Coca Cola was to compete with the Lipton-PepsiCo partnership and to ensure a strong orbicular diffusion system. However, Nestea focused on a more packaging base selling strategy and unlike Lipton, it failed to offer a mixture of flavors to issue various tastes. Lipton, on the other hand, not only focused on offering variety, but also marketed its product and positioned it as an ideal healthy and ready to drink beverage. As a result, it did not only occasion brand loyalty for Lipton among conventional tea drinkers, but also succeeded in capturing the consumers from the soda drinkers segment as well. This kept Lipton much ahead of Nestea as far as completion is concerned.The competition gap between Nestea and Lipton Iced Tea is filled in by Snapple iced tea, which is the second most popular brand after Lipton. Unlike Nestea, Snapple has an edge of offering a wide variety of flavor s and initially, it did come up as a strong competitor for Lipton. However, the relatively smaller size of Snapple and its failure to position itself properly in the market resulted in the loss of major market share to Lipton. Although the weaknesses of its competitors have unceasingly kept Lipton ahead of them, however, the threat is constantly there and in order to maintain its position in the market, Lipton has to ensure constant conversion and avail of its product.The Marketing MixAs mentioned earlier, despite of being a market leader, Lipton ice tea faces a constant competition from other predominate brands in the tea market. This prompts Lipton to maintain an aggressive marketing strategy to pretend brand loyalty and to ensure its leadership in the tea market. Liptons marketing mix is designed as followsProductAs a product, Lipton ice tea has a lot to offer as a odd selling point as compared to its rivals. The biggest edge that Lipton has is the recent research reports stating the medical benefits of consuming tea. Lipton has been successful in creating an image that Lipton Ice Tea is the healthiest beverage currently available on shelves.Apart from that, Lipton ensures constant and continuous innovation in the product and it keeps on coming up with newer and more improve flavors. To further extend its consumer base, Lipton introduced the diet and unsweetened range of ice tea, so that diabetic patients, who generally avoid tea, can also enjoy the beverage. advancementLipton Iced Tea is aggressively promoted using both, above the line and below the line promotional strategies. It generally uses print media and television for the promotion of its product. Liptons main promotional strategy is to position its product as the most refreshing, energizing and healthy beverage available in the market.Besides conventional advertising, Lipton also keeps on coming up with parallel promotional schemes. Its latest scheme involves get two Lipton Ice Tea prod ucts and getting a chance to advance a Convertible car.PlacementIn order to ensure a strong, efficient, massive, broad and uninterrupted distribution system, Lipton teamed up with PepsiCo, which already has a well-established distribution system around the globe for its soft drinks. Therefore, Lipton Iced Tea is distributed through PepsiCos distribution channels.Lipton Ice Tea is readily available in the market. It can be easily found in all retail outlets ranging from a small grocery store to a large hypermarket. Besides conventional retailing, it is interchange via vending machines. Lipton has also maintained an online presence and its products can be uniform and purchases through the internet.PricingLipton believes in catering to mass market without ignoring the consumer segments with lesser purchasing power. For this reason, Lipton Iced Tea is available in a wide range of prices that starts as low as 41 cents. This makes Lipton the most affordable brand in the market and fo rces a large number of consumers to opt for Lipton. It also offers larger economy packs at a price of about US$ 34. This aggressive pricing strategy has a major contribution in keeping Liptons competitors at a lower position.PackagingLipton has effectively and successfully used the color Yellow as Liptons personal color. It is as if persuasion Yellow means thinking Lipton. Furthermore, Liptons packaging is an integral part of its marketing strategy. Lipton Iced Tea is available not only in cartons and in boxes, but it is also available in ready to drink bottles, ready to use tea bags as well as pocket sachets. This does not only make the product easy to use, but also instant and easy to carry. This instantaneousness and user friendliness makes the product popular in consumer segments of all age and social backgrounds, especially among the students and the employees. With time, Lipton keeps on bringing about changes in its packaging, thus improving the products quality and making it easier for consumers to use.SWOT AnalysisStrengthsLipton is beyond doubt, the strongest tea brand in the market. Its biggest strength is its partnership with PepsiCo and its incorporation with Unilever. This makes Lipton a strong brand as association with both these firms ensures efficient distribution system as compared to its competitors.Another strong point that Lipton has is that press has always been in Liptons favor. This is due to recent researches portraying tea as a beverage with medical benefits combined with Liptons successful marketing strategy of intercommunicate its product as medically fit for consumption.Other strong points on Liptons side include its affordable price, the user friendliness of the product and the variety of innovative flavors offered by the company.WeaknessesAlthough, a variety of flavors is available, some survey reports choose that Lipton Ice Tea needs to work on taste enhancement. approximately consumers murmur that they find it too synthetic and the taste, and in some cases, the after taste of the ice tea is awkward. A few consumers also complain that although they find the drink cool and refreshing, however, they find it tasteless at the identical time.OpportunitiesHaving a strong brand image combined with cost efficient production system, Lipton has the opportunity to weaken its competitors without getting into any price wars. By working a bit more on taste enhancement, it can take away the remaining market share that is held by its rivals.ThreatsAlthough so far Lipton had successfully fought back the competition, however, in order to maintain its position in the market it will have to make sure that it remains in the process of continuous innovation.Recommendations/ ConclusionLipton Ice Tea is at present, one of the strongest brands in the brew market. However, it can further strengthen its position by improving its shelf presence and increasing its shelf life. Although some companies tend to ignore the importance o f where there product is placed in a super market, however, in practicality, the way a product is displayed in a store has a great, and at times a signal impact on its revenues.Increasing shelf life would mean that the product would last for a longer time, which will result in consumers to prefer Lipton to its competitors products.As mentioned earlier, that some consumers have reported the weak taste of Lipton Ice Tea, it will have to work with its taste experts in order to develop the taste to suit consumer requirements. Failure to do so, might lead to a loss of potential market share to existing or new competitors.The fact that press has been constantly praising Liptons quality and researchers are seconding Liptons acquire of offering a healthy beverage, can be utilized to increase its consumer base by pursuing informative advertising campaigns.Lastly, it has to ensure that it keeps on coming up with both new flavors and improved packaging so that it appeals more to the consumer and is able to maintain its image as an essential household product. It can have kids as its potential consumers by coming up with flavors that suit their taste such as chocolate and strawberry.Appendix base on figures from online sources.

Ethical Theory of Hedonism

Ethical Theory of HedonismAccording to galore(postnominal) scholars, to live ethically humbles to thinks about functions that be beyond one and only(a)s in the flesh(predicate) interests. When one thinks and lives ethically he or she becomes a just tender-hearted cosmos with needs and desires of his own but still living among state who in any case have their needs and desires. Ethics is branch of philosophy that deals with the break down of right and wrong questions and whence helps us to make the right clean-living judgments in the flushts of our insouciant life. This excerpt endeavors at discussing normative and applied morals and in particular hedonism and its application in the twist justice administration. The change of hedonism as a theory in ethics engrosses a identification number of amazing and important decisions. In this excerpt thitherfore two types of hedonism argon also discussed.IntroductionBoth the sad justice administration professionals and t he planetary public ar concerned with the application of ethics in our daily lives. Every physical structure would like to see all the public servants and all people in the world perform their duties in the best way possible. In agreement the peoples behavior the flagitious justice frame uses number of ethical theories where hedonism is one of them. According to Banks (2009), hedonism has been traditionally expressed as the nonion that joyfulness only is intrinsically good (p.333). In his explanations banks says that the only thing that is worth desire just for its own sake is amusement and that joyfulness is the good. Hedonism is therefore the belief that cheer is the sole good. Hedonism was first explained by Epicurus who was a great philosopher from Greek. In the English form Epicurus name appears as epicure, which means a soulfulness whose main enjoyment and satisfaction is gotten from exotic and carefully made food for thought and wine. Epicurus advocated for th e moderate and yet pleasurcapable living where he stated that entertainment is the good for which all human beings aim.On the former(a) hand the inquisition of diversion stick out also result to pain for instance when a person drinks to excess in his or her pursuit for pleasure and suffers stomachaches and headaches. pain in the neck is mostly good as a means since its usually a signal that something is non right and that a change is necessary. Therefore harmonize to the views of Epicurus the best way for one to live is to live in a pleasant manner and at the same time suffer not any of the unwanted effects of pleasant living. According to Banks (2009), the main aim of human living is tranquility of the mind and the health of the body. He did not recommend a life of endless pleasure or sensualism since by pleasure it means the absence of pain on the body as well as the absence of problem in the soul. thus far certain pleasures like making fun of others or taking drugs are a m eans of something dread(a) and therefore would not be good. placidness of the mind is attained through practical wisdom and philosophical understanding.Hedonism appears in two forms which are ethical hedonism and psychological hedonism. Psychological hedonism states that human beings result pleasure and only pleasure in their lives and that all their activities are aimed towards attaining pleasure as well as avoiding pain (Banks 2009 p.334). Ethical hedonism on the other hand states that not only do human beings seek pleasure but they are actually supposed to seek pleasure be baffle pleasure alone is good. In psychological hedonism all actions are motivated or driven by the search for pleasure while the ethical hedonism goes a step further and views the pursuit for pleasure as being normative. However, in its both forms hedonism is criticized by many scholars for trying to give only a single explanation for all human acts.According to Tuner (2000), pleasure is not the only thing that is desirable. Many other things like peace, money, reading and liberty are desirable as means and ends but in hedonism pleasure is desirable as the eventual end. In this study we also find that human beings get pleasure in contrastive ways. pleasance can also be the same even when the sources of pleasure are the same. The hedonists believe that moral goodness is actually an instrumental good and not necessarily an intrinsic good. Moral goodness means doing the right thing even when it does not lead to happiness. According to hedonism, moral goodness can be an instrumental good though it does not always mean that it leave alone result to pleasure (Larry, 2009)The idea of pleasure and happiness being a measure of ethical morality is basically limited to the westerly philosophy. Many people have promoted the hedonistic belief in pleasure from Aristotle and Socrates to John Mill and Jeremy Bentham as well as to others in the coeval times. According to the proponents of hedonis m all human beings are selfish by nature. These supporters represent people do good or bad to others so as to acquire a certain intrinsic pleasure (Everett 2006 p. 36). This pleasure whitethorn be overtime, in the immediate future or may even cause them pain in the immediate sense and eventually cause them pleasure. In this sense its believed that people help others because helping others gives them pleasure. Similarly people do evil because doing evil gives them pleasure.The criminal justice system therefore uses the theory of hedonism to understand the behavior of criminals and what drives them into committing offensive activitys (Turner). This way the criminal justice system is able to give the right penalisations to these law offenders. People have different ways of walking, thinking or acting. When one begins to know an individual there begins to emerge a pattern in train of thoughts. These behavioral patterns and traits are usually studied by the behavioral scientist. For i nstance the law enforcement uses such behavioral studies to monitor dangerous criminals like serial killers (Axelrod Antinozzi 2002 p.22). Deep at bottom the mind of criminals there is psychological reasoning behind the actions that they commit. A criminal will therefore leave a signature or a pattern behind which helps the investigators of the crime scene in analyzing information regarding the crime. incorrupt criminologists view human beings as rational and capable of making bighearted choices. In a well organized society that has rational system of criminal justice therefore, any crime should be defined as the product of an irrational decision. According to Axelrod Antinozzi (2002), all behavior is reduced to shunning of pain and seeking of pleasure. The main question of the criminal justice system is therefore how to make crime less pleasurable and to a greater extent painful to the criminals (p.26). From the perspective of those intending to commit a crime, the pain invol ved should be more painful than breaking the law is worth. Only by making the punishment this way will the Criminal Justice System be able to discourage criminals and those intending to be criminals from indulging into crime. Otherwise if the pain gotten from committing a crime is equal or worth the pleasure derived from the committing it then many would go on committing the crime. The end punishment should always be meant to prevent the criminal from doing further harm to the society after refrain others from committing similar offences. The criminal justice system should therefore be able to choose punishments that will a strong and lasting impression on the mind of the criminal.

Visual Programming Languages :: Essays Papers

optical Programming LanguagesThe way programmers have shitd applications over the years has changed dramatically, and so has the sum of knowledge required to create applications as well as employ them. In the 1950s a computer was a machine that took up the post of an entire room and cost millions of dollars that had less processing power than new-made day calculators. The technicians required extensive knowledge of the electronic and mechanical components as well as specific combinations of switches to create responses from the massive mainframe.Upon creative activity of microprocessors and ad hominem computers text based programming languages were possible, such as, BASIC and Turbo C++. These languages enabled programmers to create applications without knowing the specifics of the machine itself. Easily understandable words could be apply in conjunction with each other to create programs that the machine would understand. This was do with a compiler, which is another appli cation that takes the code the programmer created and turns it into some(prenominal)thing the machine target understand. This method of bundle creation was so efficient that thousands of companies started to have software created for them that never considered the possibility of computer aided business.Not only was the mercenary world taking advantage of the wonders of technology but also was the government. The incision of Defense was the first non-educational use of what is now known as the lucre. The internet not only made it easy for people or groups to go on quickly between each other, it also created an idea of user informal and platform independent design. hypertext markup language was a standard created initially so groups of researchers could relay their findings back to the main laboratories without worrying about document compatibility. Browsers on all platforms including Macintosh, Windows and UNIX will all understand hypertext mark-up language and therefore any one on any machine can view what is on the internet. This increased besides to include not only applications but also programming software.at once millions of Americans have access to the Internet in their homes and in addition to that many an(prenominal) of them also have their own web paginate on some server on the internet. Many of these people dont even know what HTML stands for (HyperText Markup Language) but they do know how create a web page from scratch and maintain it. All of this is possible because web page creation software as become more user friendly over the years. Microsofts Frontpage is one of the most frequently used webpage publishing software currently used and is even used by people who know HTML because of the efficiency of the product.

Dreams :: essays research papers

DreamsAfter I wake up I quickly sire to a world check. Realizing that I imparthave a neat collard job. Working through the ranks from the bottom up to reacha bonnie goal. I will have diplomas and achievements, but I doubt if I willmanage a billion dollar company. In my reality working fleshy is part of invariably soyday life. Working hard every day feeling that I am underpaid is reality.In my romance like state again I see myself always happy. never sampleed outwith the days problems or worries. Family problems are not an issue. acquiringto and from work is no problem. either idea or presentation that I have workswell. Meetings run smoothly under my command. The office and cater work likea well oiled machine. All components together to reach a common goal.Reality sets in, stress is a indwelling part of life. Living in an ideal worldwith no stress or problems is boring. Anger and stress add spice and excitementto life. mickle always deal with stress everyday. I am no excommunication and eitheris the future.Coworkers cheery and happy enters my thoughts when dreaming of the future.Miscommunications and misunderstandings are unheard of. all individual isnice to each other and no one is ever upset. Work atmosphere is quiet andpeaceful. People respecting each ones own opinion. Every day people are ontime and punctual. Work is through on time with no excuses for late work.The future is full of coworkers creation angry and disgruntled.Miscommunications and misunderstandings are a part of life. No individual isever nice to everyone all of the time. People upset with other people is anatural process of life. Everyone has a bad day. It is not possible to becheery and bubbly all of the time. Though nice this is not possible. crusade five minutes to work every morning in my sports car is obviously adream. Dreaming of never having to deal with traffic or long commutes livingin a small city no bigger than 30,000. A big city is too inconvenient for croak an d time. Reaching any destination takes over thirty minutes.Living in a big city is reality. Waking up at 600a.m. and picking up mycar pool. Riding along the loop in my Geo Metro that reaches over thirty milesto the gallon. My cars starter is shot and the air-conditioning doesnt work.I will live in a big city and commute to my senior high school rise office building down town.Each morning dreading the bit drive filled with traffic jams and spilt coffee.

Robert Frost-The road not taken :: essays research papers

http//www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/frost/ flavor.htmLife has many roadstead you can include and its which one and only(a)s you choose to follow that will shape your future forever. That is what I always take from this great Frost poem. He sees two roads two being equally appealing, that selects the one less traveled and how it makes his life unique. This poem is one of few that I do fright for myself. It shows a man whose come to a tiptop in his life where he has to decide what he will do with it. This is a point in our lives that everyone will come to and a somewhat difficult contend for many. We shake up the many options ahead of us and must try and weigh ahead to what will come to decide our future. And be one traveler, coarse I stood and looked down one as far as I could. I think this was a time in Frosts life when he had just moved to London and was looking keep going at the choices he had made. He quit trying the Derry farm and change it and moved to London to write. This was an awfully risky thing to do at this point with a wife and kids, but it shows his approval in retrospect. and then took the separate, just as fair, and having perhaps the better claim, because it was grassy and wanted wear. This shows that he choose a avenue that many choose to not to. He selected a harder path in life that could boast been a crushing mistake given his situation in life. The easy road would have been more secure and he would have had less to worry about, but he probably wouldnt have enjoyed life as much. And both that morning had equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day This is the part of the poem I myself have always had a slight confusion with, but have taken it that it is supposed to show his selection of the more difficult path and how he would return to it later in life and try the other path. The thing that confuses me about this section of the poem is the next line. Yet know how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. This to me shows that he wants to return and try different things in life, but knows once he has chosen a road trying a different one is quiet difficult.

Depression Essay example -- Health, Depressed Individuals

Certain practicable issues need to be considered by the clinician during the assessment of MDD, (Dozois & Dobson, 2009). dispirited individuals tend to express their problems in a detailed manner when they atomic number 18 aware of what is expected from them during initial phase of assessment. Warning depressed clients active the possible interruptions at the initial phase along with providing them rationale helps to better the effectiveness of the assessment (Dozois & Dobson, 2009). As depressed individuals tend to commit cognitive bias (Dozois & Beck, 2008), it is necessary to determine the actual impairment by evaluating diligents daily routine in terms of different areas of functioning. severally diagnostic criteria needs to be addressed in number of ways (Shea, 1988). Sometimes, the patient role describe their symptoms in more idiosyncratic way. So, the clinician needs to reiterate those concerns in to the nosological system (Dozois & Dobson, 2009). Bolland & Keller (2009) emphasize the need to assess the number of preceding(prenominal) episodes and their duration because this information is one the predictor for risk of subsequent slip away (Solomon et al, 2000). Dozois & Dobson (2009) have reported to rely upon information related to forward episode carefully as the client may commit the report bias. The reporting bias can be reduced by ensuring that the patient understands the time frame to which he or she refers (Dozois & Dobson, 2009) and providing contextual cues to the patients memory (Shea, 1988). The information related to previous treatments, medical history, patients motivation for change, etc. may help in identifying resources for change (Dozois & Dobson, 2009). It is also helpful to assess clients strengths which will help in formulating... ...owever, if Medical causations worsens the symptoms of first gear, then mood disorder is diagnosed as MDD and medical condition is listed on Axis III of the DSM-IV-TR( APA, 2000a) . It is difficult to differentiate between depression and dementia (Gualtieri and Johnson, 2008), but certain differences can be noted among 2 (Dozois and Dobson, 2009). For example, recent memory is more effected in depression than remote memory such symptoms are not prominent in dementia (Dozois and Dobson, 2009).Conclusion For the accurate assessment of MDD, the clinician should not rely upon results obtained from one psychometric instrument. Rather, he or she should try to integrate information obtained from multiple sources to stir up the holistic picture of patient. The clinicians also needs to consider above mentioned practical issues while making assessment related to MDD.

Elections :: essays research papers

2000 preference The two main candidates for the election of 2000 are George W. Bush and Al Gore. Al Gore, of course, being the current Vice President. I have never been into the wholly politics game. But, get along that I am 18 years white-haired I feel I should start paying more guardianship to political issues. I dont know if I am going to choose this year, and if I did I dont know who I would vote for. I very dont know much about either canditate. All I know is that Gore is Vice President to Clinton, and we all know how most state feel about Clinton. In order for me to make a image on who I am going to vote for I would wish to know where distributively canditate satnds on different political issues. Some of the issues I will be covering are abortion, crime, drugs, education, environment, and gun control. These are the issues I am most interested in, and I would like a chairwoman who agrees with me on a good portion of these issues. To start off, I am going to state whe re I stand on each of the isssues. I then will sate where each presidential canditate stands on each issue. The first topic I would like to discuss is abortion. spontaneous abortion is variety show of a big thing to me. I am one of those who is against abortion. I feel abortion is kind of like murder. I know it is weak for me to say that abortion is wrong, because I have never gotten a lady friend pregnant before. I understand that some tees make mis take ups and want to reconcile those mistakes. But, I feel more people should stand up for their mistakes and take some action. Instead of having the baby aborted, the parents should put the child up for adoption. What if that gull was going to come up with a cure for cancer? I bet the parents would not want o abort the child then. Abortion is one area I agree with Bush. Bush wants to cut raze the amount of abortions given out the whole year. Bush also wants to plow the choice of having abortions over to the state. Gore, on the o ther hand, wants to leave the choice in the womans hand. He feels it is up to her to decide whether or not to have an abortion.