Analytic Hierarchy Process And Analytic Network Process

2.3.2 MCDA Models Related to Thesis Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process There are different methods to solve multi-criteria decision-making problems. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) are two methods introduced by Tomas Saaty. AHP tries to solve the decision problem by modeling it in a hierarchy while ANP is used when the problem is so complex that cannot be modeled as a hierarchy. This complexity occurs because of the effect of criteria on each other or the effect of alternatives on criteria. The Analytic Network Process is a generalization of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. ANP approach comprises four steps [87]: Step 1: Model construction and problem structuring: The problem should be stated clearly and decomposed into a rational system like a network Step 2: Pairwise comparisons and priority vectors: In ANP, like AHP, pairs of decision elements at each cluster are compared with respect to their importance towards their control criteria. In addition, interdependencies among criteria of a cluster must also be examined pairwise; the influence of each element on other elements can be represented by an eigenvector. The relative importance values are determined with Saaty’s scale. Step 3: Supermatrix formation: The Supermatrix concept is similar to the Markov chain process. To obtain global priorities in a system with interdependent influences, the local priority vectors are entered in the appropriate columns of aShow MoreRelatedAnalytic Hierarchy Process And Analytic Network Process Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pages Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process There are several methods to solve multi-criteria decision-making problems. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) are two methods created by Tomas Saaty. AHP endeavor to solve the decision making problem by formed it in a hierarchy while ANP is used when the problem is so complex that cannot be formed as a hierarchy. This complexity happens because of the effect of criteria between each other or the effect ofRead MoreIn This Paper, We Discuss How To Select The Best Network1668 Words   |  7 Pages In this paper, we discuss how to select the best network from the available radio networks in case of vehicular communication, for a particular voice application. Selection of network is done by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy-Topsis method. Our main aim of this work is to reduce the chances of collision through Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The number of vehicles is increasing rapidly these days that causes the chances of collision beca use of limited number of path. A significantRead MoreSolving Multi Criteria Decision Making Problems1278 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) are two methods created by Tomas Saaty. AHP endeavor to solve the decision making problem by formed it in a hierarchy while ANP is used when the problem is so complex that cannot be formed as a hierarchy. This complexity happens because of the effect of criteria between each other or the effect of alternatives on criteria. Generally we can say The Analytic Network Process is a generalization of the Analytic Hierarchy ProcessRead MoreThe Decision Making With Multiple Criteria893 Words   |  4 PagesThe decision making with multiple criteria (MCDM) has been successfully used in complex business problems. There are several methods for MCDM, such as Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP), Potentially All Pairwise Rankings of All Possible Alternatives (PAPRIKA), Weighted Sum Mode (WSM), Ana lytic network process (ANP), Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) and so forth. In this article, the ANP will be compared with AHP. The reason for choosing this two method is because they are commonly used in theRead MoreA Supplier Selection, Evaluation and Re-Evaluation Model for Textile Retail Organizations5854 Words   |  24 PagesIn the last phase, the factors related to system performance of the certified suppliers determined in the second phase of the model are identified and their relative importance values are suggested. The model utilizes Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) as decision-making tools. Both model and the weights of the factors determined present a valuable insight on supply processes of a wide range of textile products supplying departments of all retail chain companiesRead MoreBachelor Thesis on Business Intelligence Essay11660 Words   |  47 PagesSME’s performance and their ï ¬ nancial competitiveness. The aim of this thesis is to present a method for the evaluation of BI programmes and their suppliers. In this study three Business Intelligence vendors are compared by means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): JCommerce, Hogart Business Intelligence and Datacom Software. AHP is a multicriteria decision analysis methodology that was utilized to help SMEs tackle the complicated problem of vendor selection. The AHP methodology deployedRead MoreA Research Study On Prioritization Methods2729 Words   |  11 PagesUsing the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to select and prioritize projects in a portfoli0, 2010 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Pairwise comparison of each elements Saaty, T. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process, 2008 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Pairwise comparison of each elements LePrevost, J. Mazur, G. Quality infrastructure improvement: Using QFD to manage project priorities and project management resources, 2003 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Quality FunctionRead MoreSystematic Algorithm Of Proposed Prioritization Method2099 Words   |  9 Pagesfound in Saaty (Saaty Ãâ€"zdemir, 2005): Phase 1: Construction of model and problem structuring; in this step the problem should be stated clearly and decomposed into a rational system like a network. Phase 2: Pairwise comparisons and priority vectors: In ANP, like Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), pairs of decision elements at each cluster are compared with respect to their importance towards their criteria. In addition, interdependencies among criteria of a cluster must also be examinedRead MoreQuantifying Information Technology Value1354 Words   |  5 Pagesenterprise IT systems in general and analytics specifically is based on the myriad of information needs companies have. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) must increasingly be just as much of a strategist as a technologist. This is increasingly evident in how CIOS are expected to not only cost-reduce IT systems but also enable greater agility in information technologies to drive top-line revenue growth (Trkman, McCormack, de Oliveira, Ladeira, 2010). There are many analytics and reporting frameworks availableRead MoreIntroduction And Objectives Of The Study. Introduction1149 Words   |  5 Pagesmay only consider the r evenue and value of project, whilst some may focus on its financial of owner, knowledge of supervisor and so on. Construction projects often fail to achieve their time, budget, profitability and quality goals. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a new approach that can be used to analyse and assess project viability, identify critical success factors and to overcome the limitations of the traditional approaches currently used by contractors. OBJECTIVE: The objective of

Benefits of Exercise - 1733 Words

Exercising is beneficial for health and for longer life. Physical inactivity is considered to be the fourth most common cause of deaths, approximately 3.2 million deaths annually (Giles Koehle, 2014). Regular exercise decreases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, respiratory function and stroke. Many of the least expensive form of exercise such as walking, running, cycling are performed in an outdoor setting, in urban environment most likely close to automobile vehicles (Sharman, Cockcroft Coombes, 2004). Approximately 78% of the people live in urban areas within a developed world (Giles Koehle, 2014). Automobiles emission is the single greatest donor to urban air pollution leading to various†¦show more content†¦The evidence shows that higher concentration of air pollutant or being outdoors for longer period of time exercising/being active increases the risk of respiratory diseases in children. Research studies also focused on occupational groups such as policemen, taxi drivers, postmen, traffic policeman who are constantly exposed to pollutant in large cities are found to be most highly at risk of cardio respiratory diseases when engaged in exercise (Volpino et al., 2004). About 60% of the pollution in urban areas/large cities is due to the emission from diesel and gasoline engine. Diesel fuel vehicles release about 10 to 20 time higher diesel exhaust particle (DEP) than gasoline engine (Maitre, 2002). DEP is known to increase airway inflammation and can worsen asthma and allergy (Rostrum, 2004). In Italy city, about 68 traffic policemen and 62 office workers aged 36-58 years working for more than 8 hours were observed during anaerobic training exercise testing and were found that traffic group had lower workload, double their heart rate and blood pressure, their exercise time was short compare to the office group (Volpino et al., 2004). Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the major influence of increase risk of cardiorespiratory diseases as inhibits oxygen to combined with hemoglobin as CO has 200 times higher affinity than oxygen and formed COHb (carboxyhemoglogin) which decreases the oxygen deliver to tissuesShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Exercise. Https://Draxe.Com/Benefits-Of-Exercise/.1662 Words   |  7 PagesBenefits of exercise https://draxe.com/benefits-of-exercise/ While doing my research, I found this website that is extremely helpful and it has a lot of information that I need to know about the benefits of exercise. There are tons of benefits that we can get from exercise. It will help our bodies to become stronger, healthier, and stay in shape. It does not cost us anything or one cent to work out. We can work out almost everywhere, like at home, gym, track, and sidewalk. Exercise makes us healthierRead MoreThe Benefits Of Exercise On Osteoporosis1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe Benefits of Exercise on Osteoporosis Many do not think about what makes bones so strong or even think about bones in general. To most bones are just apart of the skeleton, and hold the human body up. But what if the major bones in an individuals body became frail and began to brake from s simple fall? How would an individual maintain a normal life if their bones were susceptible to fracture from small forces? It seems like it would be nearly impossible however, with proper measures this diseaseRead MoreExercise Benefits Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher Flores March 8, 2011 Mr. Haile 1301.155 Exercise for the Body You know exercise is good for you -- but do you know how good? At its most basic, exercise is any type of physical exertion we perform in an effort to improve our health, shape our bodies, and boost performance (Waehner, Web). Adults, men and women, and teens both benefit from exercise and physical activity in many different ways. Exercise should play a key role in everyone’s daily life, not only does it boost selfRead MorePsychological Benefits of Exercise1746 Words   |  7 Pagespositive affects on the body and mind. The many benefits include: 1) helping to stimulate the mind, 2) increasing feelings of well being, 3) reducing cholesterol, 4) helping to regulate blood pressure, 5) reducing feelings of anxiety, 6) improving quality of life, 7) reducing symptoms of Alzheimers and Rheumatoid Arthritis, and 8) reducing levels of visceral fat which lowers the risk of developing type II diabetes. Many of the benefits of exercise will be discussed in the following pages as discoveredRead MoreBenefits Of Functional Aerobic Exercise1624 Words   |  7 Pagesprepare the body for everyday activities and the unexpected. CrossFit is constantly varied functional movements performed at a high intensity. Millions of people across the globe participate in this high intensity fitness regimen every day. CrossFit exercises consists of performing many simple movements that make up one complex movement. These movements are based on movements that we perform in our everyday lives. The base of all of the complex movements is the core, so it is important to have good coreRead MoreEssay The Many Benefits of Exercise1513 Words   |  7 Pagesthe lack of education about health and exercise. Exercise has a wide variety of positive effects on the body and mind that can be categorized into three main parts. Part one describes psychological benefits, including the influences exercise has on the min d and its functions, as well as the behavioral changes it presents. Part two explains the physical qualities that exercise can enhance. This effect incorporates the body as apposed to the mind. Exercise affects your overall body appearance andRead MoreBenefits of Exercise Outline Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesmy audience about how exercise controls weight, combats health conditions and diseases, and improves mood. Central Idea: Exercise and physical activity are a great way to feel better, gain health benefits and have fun. Introduction You’re sweating, panting, and have a feeling of euphoria. You don’t know why you feel so good when there has just been so much stress put on your body (Attention-Getter). We’ve all gone through this feeling of exhaustion known as exercise. It can tire us out,Read MorePsychological Benefits Of Regular Exercise1708 Words   |  7 PagesRegular exercise has a massive amount of physical benefits; it reduces a person’s likelihood of heart disease, strokes, diabetes, and high blood pressure, as well as many other conditions caused by obesity and an unhealthy lifestyle. However, there is also many psychological benefits to exercise, particularly in terms of mental health. Deslandes et al (2009) found that regular exercise can decrease the severity of many mental health disorders, including, but not limited to, anxiety, depression, andRead More The Health Benefits of Exercise Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesExercise is one of the most important factors in a persons’ life. Physical activity, or the lack of it, can result in a person having a healthy life or cause them to have diabetes. The benefits of exercise are countless. The positiv e health results, the improvement in attitude, even better academic performance are all factors which make not exercising inexcusable. Merely not using a person’s body is harmful. Not being active results in a person’s muscles becoming weak and out of condition. TheRead MoreThe Health Benefits of Exercise Essay826 Words   |  4 Pages Exercise is not just for Olympic athletes or supermodels. In fact, youre never too unfit, too young or too old to do it. Regardless of your age, gender or role in life, you can benefit from regular physical activity. If youre committed, exercise in combination with a sensible diet can help provide an overall sense of well-being and can even help prevent chronic illness, disability and premature death. Some of the benefits of increased activity are Improved Health

Lost to the Perils of the Sea Essay Example For Students

Lost to the Perils of the Sea Essay 63505715 Wreck of an unknown three-mastedschooner. To many people, the Outer Banks are synonymous with shipwrecks. Indeed, one would have trouble finding a more representative or fascinating aspect of local history. Just as the sea has always been an integral part of life on these barrier islands, so too have been its many victims. A countless number of ill-fated vessels as well as many of the courageous seafarers who manned them have succumbed to the local perils of the sea.The Tiger, an English ship of Sir Richard Grenvilles expedition, was the first unfortunate vessel, wrecking here in June, 1585. The latest may be as recent as this mornings newspaper. Why have so many ships been lost, after the lethal dangers of the Graveyard of the Atlantic became widely known? Unfortunately, avoiding these navigational hazards is much more difficult than recognizing them. In days gone by, it was the wooden sailing ship carrying goods and passengers that kept the nations commerce afloat. To follow coastal trade routes, thousands of these vessels had to round not only North Carolinas barrier islands, which lie 30 miles off the mainland, but also the infamous Diamond Shoals, a treacherous, always-shifting series of shallow, underwater sandbars extending eight miles out from Cape Hatteras. While many believe that navigating Diamond Shoals is the only challenge, there are several other complicating factors. 6350642090First, there are two strong ocean currents that collide near Cape Hatteras. Flowing like massive rivers in the sea, the cold-water Labrador Current from the north and the warm Gulf Stream from the south converge just offshore from the cape. To take advantage of these currents, vessels must draw close to the Outer Banks. The remains of the Laura Barnes (wrecked 1921) on Coquina Beach, now mostly covered by the shifting sands. NPS Ordinarily, following this course would not lead to trouble but the storms common to the region can make it a dangerous practice. Devastating hurricanes and dreaded noreasters overwhelm ships with raging winds and heavy seas or drive them ashore to be battered apart by the pounding surf. Since the flat islands provide no natural landmarks, ships caught in storms often ran aground before spotting land and realizing their predicament. Combined, these natural elements form a navigational nightmare that is feared as much as any in the world. Pirates, the American Civil War, and German U-boat assaults have added to the heavy toll naturehasexacted. The grim total of vessels lost near Cape Hatteras is estimated at over 1,000. While hundreds of these dead ships now reside in the Graveyard of the Atlantic, their legacy lives on in many ways. Mariners stranded on the islands often chose to remain, establishing families and a heritage which continues to this day. Many island residents made a substantial part of their living salvaging cargoes and dozens of local buildings were built entirely or in part from shipwreck timbers. Due to the frequent storms and many other navigational hazards resulting in great loss of vessels, the U.S. Lighthouse Service, U.S. Lifesaving Service (1874-1915), and U.S. Coast Guard (since 1915) have kept a steady watch for almost 200 years. 635055245Map of the most commonly seen shipwrecks on the seashore. NPS Remains of Shipwrecks That Are Sometimes VisibleThough the vast majority of area wrecks have broken up and are lost to the sea forever, divers have access to a variety of sunken vessels offshore. Many shipwrecks also lie buried beneath the beach and can be uncovered by storms. After a brief period, they are again concealed when beach sands rebuild. At one time, a large number of shipwrecks were visible and recognizable along the seashore. Today, due to time, storms, salvaging, and vandalism, this is no longer the case. Parts of the following wrecks may still sometimes be seen. Please remember not to disturb or remove any shipwreck remains. Laura Barnes TheLaura Barnesis representative of the many wooden sailing ships that were lost on the Outer Banks. The four-mastedschooner came ashore in dense fog on the night of June 1, 1921. The crew was rescued by Coast Guardsmen from nearbyBodieIsland Station. Her remains have since been relocated a mile south of their original location to Coquina Beach (across from theBodieIsland Lighthouse) for public viewing. Lois Joyce One of the Outer Banks most recent shipwrecks, theLois Joycewas a 100-foot commercial fishing trawler lost in 1981 while attempting to enter Oregon Inlet during a December storm. Though the crew was rescued by Coast Guard helicopter, the $1,000,000 vessel was a total loss. The wreck is located on the northern, ocean-side hook at the mouth of Oregon Inlet and is best viewed at low tide. It is accessible by four-wheel drive vehicles only. Oriental A Federal transport during the Civil War, the steamshipOrientalhas been grounded in her present position since 1862. Local rumor has it that some of the areas largest fish make their home in theOrientals rusty remains. You can see the exposed boiler and smokestack in the ocean surf off Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, opposite the Self-Guided Nature Trail parking lot. Questions:What are the Outer Banks known for?What was the first?Why are there so many in this area? (2 main reasons)What happened to sailors on these ships?What 3 organizations have tried to keep the number of shipwrecks down?Where can adventurers find these shipwrecks?What causes visible shipwrecks to disappear?Summarize each of the famous shipwrecks described at the end. (30pts)Designers Set Sail, Turning to Wind to Help Power Cargo ShipsBy JOHN J. GEOGHEGANPublished: August 27, 2012 If the worlds shipping fleet were a country, it would be the worlds sixth leading emitter of greenhouse gases. To reduce those emissions and, not incidentally, to conserve expensive fossil fuels cargo ship designers are now turning to the oldest source of power there is: the wind. The new vessels, mainly still on drawing boards and in prototype, look nothing like the graceful schooners and galleons of centuries past. Last spring, for example, the University of Tokyo unveiled a model of its UT Wind Chal lenger at the Sea Japan trade show. It has nine masts, each 164 feet tall, with five rigid sails made of aluminum and fiber-reinforced plastic; the sails are hollow, designed to telescope into one another in rough weather or at anchor. Then there is the 328-foot, 3,000-ton cargo carrier being designed by B9 Shipping (pronounced benign), part of the B9 Energy Group in Northern Ireland. Its three masts rise 180 feet, as tall as a 14-story building. Powered by a combination of wind and a Rolls-Royce biogas engine, it is intended to operate with no fossil fuels. A model of the B9 ship was tested last month at the University of Southampton in England. The tests were promising, said Diane Gilpin, a founder-director of B9 Shipping. They validated the economic case for deploying a B9 ship on certain trading routes. The next step, she said, is to seek financing for a full-size ship to demonstrate the technology. It would cost $45 million and take three years to build. Several factors are dri ving efforts like these. Effective this month, ships in North American waters are required to burn low-sulfur oil, which costs 60 percent more than bunker fuel. The United Nations International Maritime Organization is also phasing in restrictions on greenhouse-gas emissions by commercial ships. Meanwhile, the price of bunker fuel, which accounts for most of a vessels operating cost, has been rising steeply 600 percent over the last 10 years. Wind, of course, is cost- and emission-free. But none of the designs under consideration would replace a ships engine, only supplement it. Nor is wind power practical for large vessels like container ships, which sail faster than 15 knots and need their deck space for cargo. But it is well suited for smaller, slower-moving ships, those in the 3,000-to-10,000-ton range which accounts for 10,000 vessels, one-fifth of the worlds total cargo ships, and are an essential link in the global supply chain. Still, wind-powered technology faces a steep de velopment curve before the industry will be ready to embrace it. There are a number of projects looking at the use of wind as a power source for shipping, said Craig Eason, technology editor at the shipping newspaper Lloyds List. Whether these projects will prove to be successful business ventures remains a question. Wind is one of a number of technological fixes under consideration to lower costs and emissions. They include replacing bunker fuel with liquid natural gas; streamlining hull designs; adding exhaust scrubbers; or just steaming more slowly. All of these ideas face economic obstacles. Shipowners dont necessarily pay for their ships fuel; the charterer does. So there is little incentive to make an energy-saving investment if the owner does not benefit financially. Moreover, most sectors of the shipping industry are losing money, so it is not an ideal time to introduce new technologies. The industry is quite conservative, said Roger Strevens, vice president for environment at the shipping company Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics. About wind power, he added, There are a mix of significant technical, operational and economic hurdles to overcome. Or as Richard Pemberton, a marine technology expert at Southampton, put it, The shipping industry will adopt whichever technology allows them to make a profit. One company that is well past the design stage is SkySails. Founded in 2001 in Hamburg, Germany, it has been selling automated towing kite systems for cargo ships for several years. Resembling a giant paraglider, SkySails 3,500-square-foot kite is launched from a ships bow, pulling it forward when the wind is right. The company says that depending on wind conditions, fuel consumption can be reduced 10 to 35 percent. SkySails has installed its giant kites on six ships, and Cargill, the worlds largest charterer of dry bulk carriers, has announced plans to install the latest SkySails technology this year on its ship the Aghia Maina. But wind technology for mod ern cargo ships goes back at least a quarter of a century. In 1986 Capt. D. C. Anderson of Earth Ship Limited fitted a 3,500-ton grain carrier called the Carib Alba with an auxiliary wind-propulsion system called Comsail. On a perfect day, he recalled, it saved an astonishing 35 percent of fuel. But after oil prices collapsed that year, the Carib Albas owner took a blowtorch to Captain Andersons sailing masts, leaving them on a pier in Houston and bringing a promising experiment to an abrupt conclusion after 363 days of testing. QUESTIONS (ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES OR WRITE THE QUESTIONS THEN THE ANSWER FOR FULL CREDIT! DO NOT COPY DIRECTLY FROM THE ARTICLE, THIS WILL RESULT IN HALF CREDIT!)What shocking fact does the article start with?What are cargo ship designers trying to do to combat this?What features are found on the prototype UT Wind Challenger?What is special about the engine of the B9 prototype? What did tests reveal?What factors are causing the shipping industry to loo k for alternative fuel and power sources?Why is wind power not practical for large vessels?Aside from wind, what other options are they looking into?What will ultimately be the deciding factor in what the shipping industry will turn to?What is SkySails? What do their systems resemble?What did Capt. Anderson try in 1986? What was the result?Slowing to a Whales Pace in SamoaBy SCOTT BAKERScott Baker, associate director of the Marine Mammal Institute at Oregon State University, writes from Samoa, where he studies the formation of local communities among dolphins and their genetic isolation from one another. Today was the last day of our surveys in Samoa. We have completed the circumnavigation of both islands, Upolu and Savaii, covering more than 600 nautical miles, and have encountered short-finned pilot whales, spinner dolphins, rough-toothed dolphins, bottlenose dolphins and beaked whales. The strong trade winds we have experienced over the last few days are a reminder that it is winter in Samoa, and with this comes the annual migration of humpback whales. Although it is still early in the winter breeding season, humpbacks are our most common sighting along the south coast of Upolu. The Samoan islands are part of a vast winter breeding grounds of humpback whales in the South Pacific, including New Caledonia, Tonga, the Cook Islands and the Society Islands of French Polynesia. These whales feed during the austral summer months in the Southern Ocean near the Antarctic and migrate thousands of miles to the warm waters of the tropics to mate and give birth. Essay on Poverty And Its Effects On America EssayThere might be overlapping legitimate claims which all have scientific backing, Holm said. This years Danish expedition is the third in a series of voyages that began in 2007 to gather data to support a claim to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), which assesses the scientific validity of such claims. Denmark has identified five potential claim areas off Greenland and the Faroe Islands both parts of the Kingdom of Denmark and has already submitted claims for areas north and south of the Faroes and for two areas south of Greenland. The fifth area, probably the most sensitive part of any future claim, is roughly 150,000 square kilometers (58,000 sq miles) extending north from Greenland and encompassing the North Pole. Despite a record thaw of sea ice in the Arctic, the expedition vessel has had to break through thick ice to gather seismic and sea depth data. In patches measurements were simply impossible and cancelled Equipment has been damaged by the ice so it has not been a piece of cake, said Martin Breum, a journalist and author travelling with the mission. Once claims are submitted, it is likely to take years or even decades for the CLCS to issue a report, and only after that could negotiations between states begin, Holm said. The Oden left the pole on Thursday afternoon. We are now struggling through heavy ice towards Siberia, Breum said. QUESTIONS (ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES OR WRITE THE QUESTIONS THEN THE ANSWER FOR FULL CREDIT! DO NOT COPY DIRECTLY FROM THE ARTICLE, THIS WILL RESULT IN HALF CREDIT!)What could be under the land that Denmark wants to claim?Why is it only now being claimed?What about the land gives Denmark a good claim to it?How did Russia try to lay claim to the land? Why was it controversial?How do Denmark plan to deal with countries that have also made a claim?Where else are they trying to claim land?What caused researchers a problem as they neared the pole?How long do researchers say it could take for official claims to be recognized?In at least 2 sentences, discuss your opinion about the claims and who may have the best one and why. Sea Lions Feasting on Threatened Salmon Should conservationists stop the California sea lions from eating threatened Columbia River salmon? ByJessica MarshallandNature magazineFromNaturemagazineWhat do you do when a charismatic marine mammal is wreaking havoc by gorging on a threatened species that humans also find delicious? Thats the awkward problem faced by wildlife managers along the Columbia River in Washington and Oregon states, where sea lions have been congregating for the past decade to feast on salmon waiting to climb the fish ladders at the base of the Bonneville Dam on their spring voyage upriver to spawn. To protect the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the river, some of which are listed as threatened populations, in 2008 the states of Washington and Oregon obtained permission from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Silver Spring, Maryland, to kill California sea lions (which are normally protected) seen feeding repeatedly at the dam, after attempts to frighten the animals away proved ineffective. In response, the Humane Society of the United States, based in Washington DC, and others filed a lawsuit to stop the practice and their legal challenges have continued. A US district court in Portland, Oregon, is expected to hear full arguments for a final ruling in the next few weeks. In the meantime, more than 40 California sea lions have been killed and 11 transferred to aquaria and zoos. Survey data collected by the US Army Corps of Engineers during the years of the cull show that numbers of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are decreasing at the dam, along with the amount of salmon they eat. The corps and others attribute this to the removal programme. Muscling inBut the cull may have been too successful. Last year, the larger Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), which arrived in earnest at the dam in 2005 and have returned in greater numbers each year, outnumbered California sea lions for the first time and ate fully half of the predated salmon. Part of this switch toward the Steller sea lion abundance may be due in part to success of the removal programme, said Doug Hatch of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission in Portland, Oregon, speaking at a meeting of the American Fisheries Society in St Paul, Minnesota this week. The problem with this shift is that Steller sea lions are themselves listed as a threatened species, meaning that hazing disturbing them with, for example, rubber bullets is the only option for dealing with them. But the eastern stock of Steller sea lions, which includes those at Bonneville, is under review for delisting as threatened, so that protection may not last. Counting the damageA key issue is exactly how much the sea lions are affecting the salmon, particularly the species that are listed as threatened. This is a difficult question to answer. Accurate numbers are available from near the dam, where sea lions and the prey in their mouths can be counted directly, but the dam is 235 kilometres from the mouth of the Columbia River and sea lions are present patchily throughout this length. Hatchs best estimate is that sea lions take on average a little over 10% of the listed populations annually between the dam and the ocean. He and his colleagues are tagging sea lions to improve understanding of where the mammals go within the river and beyond. The Humane Society says that the cull focuses on the wrong problem sea lions instead of reducing the allowable fishing catch, improving habitat, and reducing losses from hydropower, which it maintains are greater threats to the fish. Archaeological records suggest that sea lions are recent arrivals in the Columbia River, but researchers are finding that the smorgasbord of oily fish is expanding more than their range. We have captured and handled the largest California sea lions anyone has ever touched, says Robin Brown, a marine mammal specialist at Oregon Fish and Wildlife in Corvallis. The biggest weighed 658 kilograms, compared to a typical weight for a male of 200-400 kilograms. This Columbia river salmon seems to fatten them up bigger and better than anything weve ever seen.QUESTIONS (ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES OR WRITE THE QUESTIONS THEN THE ANSWER FOR FULL CREDIT! DO NOT COPY DIRECTLY FROM THE ARTICLE, THIS WILL RESULT IN HALF CREDIT!)Why is there an issue with the sea lions eating the salmon?How have the states reacted to conserve the salmon? What did they try before?How did the human society react?What did the survey by the US Army Corps reveal?How might the cull have been too successful?Why is the cul l controversial?Why is it hard to directly count how many salmon are being eaten by the seals?In at least 3 sentences, discuss your opinion about this issue. Do you agree with the cull, or side with the human society? Do you feel more tests need to be done? In Virginia, Encroaching Seas Pit Parking against Preservation As federal managers adapt to rising sea levels, local officials fear changes to parking rules that could undermine local economies ByJennifer WeeksandDaily ClimateCHINCOTEAGUE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, Va. A sign at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service visitor center here states a simple motto: Where Wildlife Comes First. But many visitors never see the sign, or much wildlife. Cars stream past the center on hot summer days, headed for a mile-long public beach at the refuges southern end. The prime goals are sand, surf, and a parking spot close to the water. But sea-level rise threatens the refuges future as a beach destination. Its on Assateague Island, a barrier island off the coasts of Virginia and Maryland. The whole island is protected as a national seashore, but different parts have diverse missions. Most of the Virginia section is a wildlife refuge except for the beach, an enclave run by the National Park Service. The refuge draws up to 1.5 million visitors every year through the adjacent town of Chincoteague. In a survey conducted by the town last year, 80 percent of visitors rated going to the beach as their top priority. The beach is broad, clean, and unspoiled by development. Its also in one of the most-exposed zones of the island, and often floods during storms. When this happens, as it did during a 2009 noreaster and again in 2011 during Hurricane Irene, the adjacent parking lots are washed out and have to be rebuilt. Even though theyre surfaced with loose sand and shells, rebuilding is expensive up to $700,000 per episode. Managers have preserved the lots, big enough for 960 cars, by repeatedly moving them west, away from the ocean side of the island, after washouts. Zones that used to be parking areas in the 1990s are now underwater. The National Park Service has advised the Fish and Wildlife Service to move the recreation zone north to a more protected area. We understand that the town of Chincoteagues economic viability is linked to beach parking, said Trish Kicklighter, superintendent of Assateague Island National Seashore. But you need to let the dunes act natural and move back when they want to. The current area is not wide enough to maintain a parking lot and a swimming beach.Barrier islands are naturally unstable, constantly changing shape under the forces of waves and wind. When storms flood the east, or ocean, side of Assateague, they wash sand over to the west side of the island and build it up. But as sea levels rise, floods are becoming more frequent and severe. The Fish and Wildlife Service projects that by 2100 rising seas will flood large sections of the Chincoteague refuges coastal marshes.Fish and Wildlife is writing a new 15-year management plan for the refuge, igniting a battle over the fate of the beach. Instead of spending more money to maintain a vulnerable parking lot, the agency would move the beach north and build new parking, possibly supplemented by a shuttle from a new satellite lot on Chincoteague.Local officials oppose these ideas. Before 1962, when a bridge was built connecting the town of Chincoteague to Assateague Island, Chincoteague was a sleepy fishing community. Now the town is a tourist gateway, with seashore visitors pumping $TK million into the town annually, according to a Fish and Wildlife Service estimate. Local officials want the beach preserved at all costs.Chincoteague Mayor John Tarr and local business owners argue that moving the beach or shifting even partly to public transit will drive visitors to more convenient locations like Ocean City, Maryland to the north or Virginia Beach to the south. I feel we are being railroaded into less or no parking at the beach, and forced to ride a trolley system in the future, Tarr told a House Natural Resou rces subcommittee at a hearing last February.Instead they want federal agencies to add a new parking lot with 300 more spaces and bring in the Army Corps of Engineers to do beach restoration, such as pumping sand from offshore to rebuild the beach. Federal managers oppose engineering solutions because they conflict with laws and policies that called for letting natural shoreline processes occur without intervening.Chincoteagues beach-inside-a-refuge situation may be unique, but rising sea levels will affect all of the 167 national wildlife refuges that are located along U.S. coastlines. No one really knows what the solution is yet were still experimenting with strategies to make refuges more resilient, and its specific to each refuge, said Noah Matson, vice president for climate change and natural resource adaptation at Defenders of Wildlife. QUESTIONS (ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES OR WRITE THE QUESTIONS THEN THE ANSWER FOR FULL CREDIT! DO NOT COPY DIRECTLY FROM THE ARTICLE, THIS WILL RESULT IN HALF CREDIT!)What greets visitors at Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge? What is the main draw of this park?What is threatening the beach? Where is the beach located?What is causing the problems with the parking lot?What is one solution to the problem?Why are barrier islands unstable?Why do local officials oppose moving the park north?Why do local businesses oppose the move?What is their solution?In at least 2 sentences, discuss what you think is the best idea and why.

Tasting Green Eggs and Ham free essay sample

The first book I ever read was Green Eggs and Ham, by Dr. Seuss. I was four years old, waiting in the lobby of the doctor’s office. Having finally exhausted my enthusiasm over colored blocks and Lego’s, I picked up the book and sat in my mother’s lap. She walked me through every word of every page, never rushing me along or losing patience. On that memorable occasion, two new concepts were introduced to me: the power of words, and the magic of teaching. Throughout my school days, I continued to read ahead of my age. I was an accomplished Accelerated Reader, and by the fifth grade, I was on a ninth grade reading level. Unknown to my consciousness, my young mind was building vocabulary, analyzing characters, and exploring syntax. Dr. Seuss was still an admired author; he had introduced me to the flow of rhythm and the skill of rhyme. We will write a custom essay sample on Tasting Green Eggs and Ham or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I soon began to mimic the styles of other cherished authors, allowing their influence to possess my pencil and reflect on my empty page. I have always wondered at that phenomenon, how one person’s ideas and identity can seep into another, forever changing the way they capture the world. With my teacher’s endless support, I wrote my first memorable piece of work in the first grade. The one-page tale featured a greedy, grumpy leprechaun who only thought of gold. In the end, however, he slid and fell off a rainbow, bumping his head and changing his character into a nice, generous neighbor. My teacher took the simple essay to the principal, and I was ushered to read it aloud at the monthly â€Å"Tea Party† for parents and board members. As I shared my work, I had my first taste of what it means to own words. Before that day, I had read, spoken, sung, and listened, but I never imagined that words could have tangible substance. They were just a combination of letters, free for everyone to use. Now they could be mine. Like useless facts and unapplied knowledge, words themselves are nothing; but I could give them a new and original meaning. Words, to my mind, became as amorphous and undefined as young children, just waiting to be molded. Now that I am older, I am ready for the blank page that lies before me. I long to experience the beauty around me, to soak it in and cast it back on paper, to be as permanent as ink and literature. I want to inspire the intellects of future geniuses, to relish in their infinite potential. I want to be a memory that brings joy, hope, laughter, and substance, captured in a book and preserved in another person. This dream is what compels me to make writing and teaching my career. This is what moves me to attend an elite college, to receive my education at the best of institutions. My experiences, one could say, have propelled me to be not only a published author—but a published individual.